陕北矿区煤层赋存条件较好，浅埋煤层煤巷锚杆支护有较明显的富裕系数。目前煤巷支护成本居高不下。以张家峁煤矿4^-2煤层14204工作面为研究对象，通过现场实测、物理模拟、数值计算和理论分析相结合的方法，对4^-2煤层煤巷锚杆支护参数进行优化研究，为生产实践提供理论指导和实践价值。

通过现场获取岩样和实验室测定，得出张家峁煤矿4^-2煤层的基本物理力学参数，根据顶板稳定性分级的结果，4^-2煤层顶板为II类顶板；对现有4^-2煤层顺槽收敛量和表面观测结果得出：距回采工作面53m以内，随着工作面的推进，运输顺槽两帮累计变形量及顶板累计下沉量都不断增大。然而，辅运顺槽的测点在距工作面煤壁-30m（采空区后方）左右，超前压力影响急剧增大，顺槽表面有片帮现象。基于回采过程对辅运顺槽松动圈观测结果得出：当监测点距回采工作面煤壁的距离20m时，顶板围岩破碎区有所增加；当监测点距回采工作面煤壁距离-63m时，在距孔口0.5~1m有明显破碎，顶板孔内有一定破碎；当监测点距回采工作面煤壁距离-93m时，破碎区域较前明显增大，且帮部片帮严重。

根据顺槽收敛监测结果、顶板离层监测结果、围岩松动圈监测结果，采用锚杆支护理论对现有锚杆尺寸和支护强度进行了优化。利用ANAYS模拟得出，碟形直边托盘能满足变形和受力要求，确定碟形直边托盘尺寸为120×120×8mm，孔径21mm，厚度20mm。利用FLAC^3D数值模拟对优化前后的方案进行对比分析，顺槽顶板和两帮变形值差别不大，表明优化后的方案能满足顺槽稳定，有效的控制顺槽围岩变形。同时，工程实践应用结果表明，支护强度的降低节省了支护材料，降低了支护成本；确定优化后的参数能最大程度节约成本164元/m，节约的支护成本达214.35万元。研究成果将促进矿区的高效发展。

The condition of shallow coal seam in the northern Shaanxi mining area is good, and the bolt support has a relatively rich coefficient in this area. At present, the cost of support is high. Taking the 14204 working face of the 4-2 coal seam of Zhangjiamao coal mine as the research background. Based on the comprehensive analysis method, including the field measurement, physical simulation, numerical calculation and theoretical analysis, in order to optimize the bolt support parameters of the 4-2 coal seam coal roadway and provide theoretical guidance and practical value for production practice.
Through the site acquisition of rock samples and laboratory measurements, the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the 4-2 coal seam of Zhangjiamao Coal Mine were obtained. According to the results of roof stability classification, the 4-2 coal seam roof is a type II. The roadway of convergence and surface observation results show that: within 53m from the mining face, with the advancement of the working surface, the cumulative deformation of the two sides of the rubber transport groove and the cumulative subsidence of the roof continue to increase. However, the measurement point of the auxiliary transport along the trough is about 30m behind the goaf of the working face, which is greatly increased by the advance pressure. Based on the observation results of the loosening circle of the auxiliary transport along the mining process, it is concluded that when the mining face is 20m away from the monitoring section, the surrounding area of the roof rock increased; when the mining face is -63m from the monitoring section, there is obvious breakage 0.5~1 m from orifice, and there is a certain amount of breakage in the roof hole; when the mining face is -93m away from the monitoring section, the crushing area is significantly larger than before, and rib spalling is severely broken.
Based on the monitoring results of convergence along the gateway, the results of monitoring the separation of the roof and the monitoring results of the loosening zone of the surrounding rock, the bolt support theory was used to optimize the existing bolt size and support strength. Using ANANYS simulation, it is found that the dish-shaped straight edge tray, not only can meet the requirements of deformation and stress. The size of the dish-shaped straight edge tray is 120×120×8mm, the diameter is 21mm, or the height is 20mm. The FLAC3D simulation is used to compare and analyze the optimized solution. There is not much difference between the deformation values of the gateway roof and the two sides of rib, which indicates that the optimized scheme can meet the stability of the gateway and effectively control the surrounding rock deformation. At the same time, field engineering practice application results show that: the reduction of support strength saves support materials and reduces support costs. The cost can be saved to a maximum of 164 yuan/m, the saved support cost reached 2,143,500 yuan. Research results will promote efficient development of mining area.