科学技术对经济发展、社会进步以及国家综合国力的增强有着巨大的作用。科研项目是科学技术活动的主要形式。面对如此重要而且投入与影响逐年增加的科研项目，人们要求对其进行科学有效的管理。进入21世纪以来，随着知识经济的来临和高新技术产业迅速发展，项目管理已逐渐应用于所有的商业和教育、军事、政府等其他组织，项目管理的优势得到充分的体现，它从根本上改善了项目的管理效率。 本文调查了数个科研项目管理实例，在分析目前科研项目管理的实际状况的基础上，结合科研项目管理与现代项目管理的特点，提出把现代项目管理理论与方法应用到科研项目管理当中，以解决目前管理中存在的问题。根据项目生命周期理论，科研项目管理按阶段可分为立项管理、实施管理和验收管理。本文结合科研项目的特点分别论述科研项目各阶段的管理。由于科研项目通常具有研究周期长、不可预见因素多等特点，项目目标受外部环境变化的影响较大，而我国目前的科研管理普遍存在只重视项目立项阶段管理和验收阶段的管理，而忽视项目实施阶段的管理。因此，在提出对科研项目实施全过程管理的基础上，本文着重强调了科研项目实施过程的管理。利用过程控制方法，对科研项目实施阶段管理的各个过程进行识别，建立过程管理模式，加强对项目的实施阶段的控制管理，确保科研项目目标的实现。科研项目管理是在有限的资源条件下，为保证科研项目的目标（质量、成本、进度）达到最优化，保证项目成功而采取的各种措施。本文围绕科研项目实施过程三大目标进度、成本、质量控制进行研究，并提出为保证科研项目的目标达到最优化而采取的具体的方法措施。为了加强项目的跟踪控制，使稀缺的资源得到充分利用，及时中止没有发展前景或实施效果差的项目，已成为一个十分迫切的问题。本文提出利用一种综合集成方法对项目实施进行评估，为项目的中止决策提供依据。 论文最后，针对目前科研项目应用项目管理过程中存在的科研人员管理、项目组织结构和项目管理沟通的问题，运用现代项目管理方法提出解决对策。

The science and technique play an important role in economy development, society progress and national strength enhancement. The science research project is the main form of science and technique. Faced with so important science research project, people request for more effective management in it, as investment and effect increases in it. At the turn of 21st century, project management has gradually applied in commerce, education, military, government and other organizations, along with the approach of the knowledge-based economy and the development of new high technique industry. The advantages of the project management embody sufficiently, and it also improves the efficiency of management basically. This paper contrasts the characteristics of modern project management and science research project management, and puts forward to applying the modern project management theories and methods in the science research project on the base of investigating several science research project management cases and analyzing current science research management situation. According to the project life - cycle theories, the whole process of science research project can be divided into three stages: establishment management, process management and acceptance management. This paper studies each stage management of science research project individually. Because science research project usually has long period, more unforeseen effected factors, so its targets often suffer the strong influence of the exterior environment. At the same time, the current science research project management often pays more attention to establishment management and acceptance management, and neglect the management in process management. Therefore, the paper emphasizes the process management on the base of the whole process management. The paper also identifies the procedure of process management, and sets up the process management model in order to enhance the control of science research project, realize its targets, and improve its efficiency. The science research management is to take all kind of measures to secure the success of research project, to attain the optimization of quantity, cost, time under the limited resource condition. The paper also studies on time control、cost control, quantity control around the aims of science research, and puts the measures to achieve the optimization of project management. It is an urgent problem to suspend the unprospective projects in order to enhance the management of science research project and make full use of scanty resource. The paper puts forward a synthesized method to evaluate the process for the suspending decision. At last, the paper puts forward solution to the problems of project management application in science research project such as science personnel management, organization construction and the communication of project management based on modern project management.