开展彬长矿区深埋特厚煤层大巷冲击地压发生机理及其防治技术研究具有重要的工程价值。本文以彬长矿区某矿断层构造区中央大巷工程为依托，开展不同加载模式下的裂隙煤岩力学破坏特征及裂隙扩展规律分析，探讨裂隙煤岩冲击失稳破坏的力学机制，分析深埋特厚煤层大巷冲击地压发生机理，提出大巷冲击地压防治方案。主要工作及结论是：

（1）对彬长矿区某矿中央大巷冲击地压发生的主要影响因素进行了分析。该矿冲击地压类型属于以静载为主的动载诱发型，其中埋深、煤层厚度、坚硬顶板、及断层褶曲构造为大巷围岩提供了高水平的集中静载荷，使得冲击门槛降低，邻近工作面顶板覆岩运动产生的动载扰动是中央大巷冲击启动的主要诱因。

（2）完成了不同倾角裂隙煤岩三轴压缩试验，并借助声发射监测手段及高速摄影技术，分析了裂隙煤岩的破坏特征及冲击失稳的演化过程。试验结果表明，随着围压的增大，完整煤岩的强度和变形能力不断提高，储能能力增强；裂隙煤岩较完整煤岩的强度低，且裂隙倾角越大，强度劣化越明显；在一定围压范围内，裂隙煤岩的强度随着围压增大而增大，而围压继续增大，煤岩强度在复杂的三向受力状态下反而降低。预制裂隙的起裂扩展过程都会伴随声发射振铃计数的激增点，可以将此作为煤岩失稳破坏的前兆信息。

（3）完成了不同倾角裂隙煤岩的动静载组合加载试验研究。试验结果表明，经过动载扰动的煤岩强度降低，变形加大；动载振幅越大，则扰动越剧烈，煤岩强度劣化越明显；即使静载水平较低，动载扰动的瞬间在煤岩的预制裂隙尖端或周围也会发生煤块弹射现象，即裂隙周围的应力集中提供了高于其他区域的静载应力基础，一旦受到动载扰动便会诱发局部的冲击现象。由最小能量原理结合不同振幅动载扰动下的煤岩破坏规律可知，振幅值越大，加载速度越高，煤岩体输入能量快，而能量耗散慢，大量的剩余能量在煤岩中聚集，易转变为外表破碎煤块的动能，从而形成冲击现象。

（4）通过对比静力作用与动静组合作用下煤岩的破坏特征与裂隙扩展规律可得：静力加载时煤岩破坏是一个循序渐进的过程，裂隙一步步扩展延伸，直至最后失稳破坏；而在动载作用时裂隙在剧烈的扰动下，裂隙瞬间开裂，变形加大，具有突发性。

（5）基于微震监测技术对中央大巷邻近工作面微震事件的空间分布进行了分析，表明顶板覆岩运动是产生高能级微震事件的主要原因。并对工作面及中央大巷构造区域微震事件的能量及频次演化规律进行了综合分析，证明中央大巷构造区域冲击地压的发生较工作面能量释放具有2~3d的滞后期。同时中央大巷区域高能级的能量释放具有明显周期性，即为能量“积聚-释放-积聚”的循环过程，并基于此建立了中央大巷构造区域冲击地压的周期性预警方法。

（6）根据构造区域中央大巷群冲击地压发生的主要影响因素，并基于“强支强卸，减震吸能”的支护理念，提出了注浆锚网索等强支护手段配合强卸压手段所构建的中间弱结构及远场外强大结构形成的具有消波吸能的减弱冲击危害的新型支护体系。同时对中央大巷的层位及方位布置提出合理化建议，为以后断层构造区域巷道群的冲击地压治理提供参考。

It has important engineering value to carry out research on the occurrence mechanism and prevention technology of rock burst in the deep-buried and extra-thick coal roadway in Binchang mining area. Based on the central roadway project in the fault structure area of a mine in Binchang mining area, this paper carries out the analysis of the fractured coal and rock mechanical failure characteristics and the crack propagation law under different loading modes, discusses the mechanical mechanism of the fractured coal rock's impact instability and failure, and analyzes the deep buried The occurrence mechanism of rock burst in large roadway in extra-thick coal seam, and the prevention and control plan of rock burst in large roadway is proposed. The main work and conclusions are as follows:

(1) The main influencing factors of the occurrence of rock burst in the central roadway are analyzed. The rock burst type of this mine belongs to the dynamic load-induced type based on static load. The buried depth, coal seam thickness, hard roof, and fault fold structure provide a high level of concentrated static load for the surrounding rock of the main roadway, which reduces the impact threshold The dynamic load disturbance caused by the movement of the roof overlying rock adjacent to the working face is the main inducement for the start of the impact of the main roadway.  

(2) Triaxial compression tests of fractured coals with different inclination angles have been completed, and with the aid of acoustic emission monitoring methods and high-speed photography technology, the failure characteristics of fractured coals and the evolution process of impact instability are analyzed. With the increase of confining pressure, the strength and deformation capacity of the intact coal rock continue to increase, and the energy storage capacity is enhanced; the strength of the fractured coal rock is lower than that of the intact coal rock, and the greater the inclination angle of the fissure, the more obvious the strength deterioration; Within the range, the strength of the fractured coal rock increases with the increase of the confining pressure, and the confining pressure continues to increase, and the strength of the coal rock decreases under the complex three-way stress state. The initiation and expansion process of prefabricated cracks will be accompanied by the surge point of the acoustic emission ringing count, which can be used as the precursor information of coal and rock instability and failure.

(3) Completed the combined dynamic and static loading test research on fractured coal and rock with different inclination angles. The test proves that the strength of the coal rock subjected to dynamic load disturbance decreases and the deformation increases; and with the increase of the crack inclination angle, the strength deterioration of the fractured coal rock after the dynamic load disturbance is more obvious, and the deformation is greater; the greater the dynamic load amplitude, the greater the deformation. The more severe the disturbance, the more obvious the deterioration of coal strength; even if the static load level is low, the coal ejection phenomenon will occur at or around the prefabricated crack tip of the coal and rock at the moment of dynamic load disturbance, that is, the stress concentration around the crack provides higher Once the static load stress foundation in other areas is disturbed by the dynamic load, it will induce local shock phenomena. From the principle of minimum energy combined with the coal and rock failure laws under different amplitude dynamic load disturbances, it can be seen that the greater the amplitude value, the higher the loading speed, the faster the input energy of the coal and rock mass, but the slower energy dissipation, and a large amount of remaining energy accumulates in the coal and rock. It is easy to transform into the kinetic energy of the broken coal on the outside, thus forming an impact phenomenon.

(4) By comparing the failure characteristics of coal and rock under static force and the combination of dynamic and static forces and the law of crack expansion, it can be obtained: coal and rock failure is a gradual process when static loading is applied, and the cracks expand and extend step by step until the final instability and failure; When the fissure is disturbed by severe load, the fissure cracks instantly and the deformation increases; and with the increase of the inclination of the fissure, the strength deterioration of the fissure coal after the disturbance of the dynamic load is more obvious, and the deformation is greater; the amplitude of the dynamic load is greater .

(5) Based on the microseismic monitoring technology, the spatial distribution of the microseismic events in the adjacent working face of the main road is analyzed, which shows that the movement of the roof overlying rock is the main reason for the high-energy microseismic events. A comprehensive analysis of the energy and frequency evolution law of microseismic events in the working face and the main road structure area has been carried out, and it is proved that the occurrence of rock burst in the main road structure area has a lag period of 2 to 3 days compared with the energy release of the working surface. At the same time, the high-energy release of energy in the main lane area has obvious periodicity, that is, the cyclic process of energy "accumulation-release-accumulation". Based on this, a periodic early warning method for rock bursts in the main lane structure area is established.

(6) Based on the main factors of the occurrence of rock bursts in the main roads of the Mengcun structural zone, the support technology and active pressure relief methods (ie the "strong support and strong unloading" concept of rockburst prevention and control) are discussed. Research on the prevention and control technology of rock burst, and evaluate the effect of anti-scouring measures through on-site engineering practice. At the same time, reasonable suggestions are put forward for the layer and azimuth layout of the Mengcun roadway, which can provide reference for the prevention and control of rock burst in the roadway group in the fault structure area. 

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