随着煤炭开采深度的不断增加，煤炭开采地质条件越来越复杂，倾斜巷道围岩支护也越来越困难。为维护巷道围岩的稳定性，确保工作面安全高效生产，开展复杂条件下巷道围岩的变形破坏规律及其支护方案研究具有十分重要的意义。在地层压力、扰动损伤及孔隙水压等因素的共同作用下，倾斜巷道变形破坏具有高度复杂性和难以控制的显著特点，其围岩稳定性一直是围绕煤矿生产的重点与难点问题。本文以马蹄沟煤矿3506工作面缓倾斜梯形切眼为研究对象，采用室内试验、理论分析及数值模拟相结合的研究方法对3506工作面切眼围岩变形规律及支护方案进行了系统研究，主要结论如下：

（1）分析了3506工作面切眼工程地质特征，研究了切眼煤岩体基本物理力学特性。切眼围岩的稳定状态与其煤岩体基本物理力学参数密切相关。3506工作面切眼掘进过程中，围岩在地层压力、扰动损伤及孔隙水压共同作用下发生了不同程度的顶板下沉、两帮挤压及底臌。通过现场取样及室内试验，得到了马蹄沟矿3506工作面煤岩体的基本物理力学参数。

（2）基于模糊综合评价理论，对3506工作面切眼围岩稳定性进行了评价。在总结分析巷道围岩稳定性评价方法和3506工作面切眼围岩稳定性主要影响因素的基础上，将切眼划分为4个等分掘进区段，选取巷道埋深、煤岩抗压强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角、开挖扰动程度、侧压力系数、巷道高跨比和地下水影响系数作为主要评价指标，建立了马蹄沟矿3506工作面切眼围岩稳定性综合评价模型。评价结果表明：切眼第一掘进区段和第四掘进区段围岩不稳定，第二掘进区段和第三掘进区段围岩极不稳定。

（3）基于弹塑性力学理论，研究了3506工作面切眼围岩变形规律。通过建立垂直地应力、水平构造应力及孔隙水压共同作用下切眼围岩受力分析模型，考虑切眼围岩内摩擦角与黏聚力的开挖扰动弱化效应，推导出非均匀地应力场下切眼围岩的应力分布及位移解析解，分析了扰动损伤程度、地质强度指标、水平构造应力、孔隙水压及切眼倾角对围岩表面位移的影响规律。结果表明：随着地质强度指标的增大，围岩表面径向位移越小；随着扰动损伤程度、侧压力系数、孔隙水压及切眼倾角的增大，围岩表面径向位移越大。

（4）利用FLAC3D数值模拟软件，分析了不同工况下的切眼围岩的应力、位移及塑性区分布特征。通过设置锚杆（索）支护参数，对比分析了3种不同支护方案下的切眼应力、位移及塑性分布特征。分析表明：三种支护方案中方案三支护效果最优，其中两帮应力集中范围为0.95m至1.26m，两帮最大水平应力为56.05MPa，顶板最大竖直应力为9.78MPa；切眼顶板和底板的竖直位移量分别为64.5mm和36.5mm；切眼两帮塑性区范围达为0.9m，顶底板塑性区范围分别为2.8m和1.0m。

（5）确定了3506工作面切眼的开挖预留量，针对性地设计了切眼围岩支护方案。运用弹塑性力学理论计算出切眼第一掘进区段至第四掘进区段预留变形量分别为300mm、260mm、220mm及200mm。在此基础上，针对性地设计了不同掘进区段围岩的支护方案及其参数。现场监测结果表明：切眼围岩支护加固后，其顶底板最大移近量为204mm，两帮最大移近量为165mm，围岩变形控制效果良好，满足现场生产要求。

With the continuous increase of coal mining depth, the geological conditions of coal mining are becoming increasingly complex, and the support of inclined roadway surrounding rock is also becoming more and more difficult. In order to maintain the stability of roadway surrounding rock and ensure safe and efficient production of the working face, it is of great significance to conduct research on the deformation and failure laws of roadway surrounding rock under complex conditions and their support schemes. Under the joint action of factors such as formation pressure, disturbance damage and pore water pressure, the deformation and failure of inclined roadways have significant characteristics of high complexity and difficulty in control, the stability of their surrounding rock has always been a key and difficult issue surrounding coal mine production. This article takes the gently inclined trapezoidal cut in the 3506 working face of Matigou Coal Mine as the research object, and uses a combination of indoor experiments, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation research methods to systematically study the deformation law and support scheme of the surrounding rock of the 3506 working face cut, the main conclusions are as follows:

Analyzed the geological characteristics of the 3506 working face cut engineering and studied the basic physical and mechanical properties of the cut coal rock mass. The stable state of the cut rock is closely related to the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the coal and rock mass. During the excavation process of the 3506 working face, the surrounding rock experienced varying degrees of roof subsidence, two side compression and floor heave under the combined action of formation pressure, disturbance damage and pore water pressure. Through on-site sampling and indoor experiments, the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the coal and rock mass in the 3506 working face of Matigou Mine were obtained.

Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, the stability of the surrounding rock of the 3506 working face cut was evaluated. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the evaluation methods for the stability of roadway surrounding rock and the main influencing factors of the stability of the surrounding rock of the 3506 working face cut, the cut is divided into four equally divided excavation sections. The main evaluation indicators are selected as roadway burial depth, coal rock compressive strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, excavation disturbance degree, lateral pressure coefficient, roadway height span ratio and groundwater influence coefficient. A comprehensive evaluation model for the stability of the surrounding rock of the 3506 working face cut in Matigou Mine is established. The evaluation results indicate that the surrounding rock in the first and fourth excavation sections of the cut is unstable, while the surrounding rock in the second and third excavation sections is extremely unstable.

Based on the theory of elastic-plastic mechanics, the deformation law of the surrounding rock of the 3506 working face cut was studied. By establishing a stress analysis model for the surrounding rock of the cut under the combined action of vertical geostress, horizontal tectonic stress and pore water pressure, considering the weakening effect of excavation disturbance on the internal friction angle and cohesion of the cut rock, the stress distribution and displacement solution of the cut rock under non-uniform geostress field are derived. The influence of disturbance damage degree, geological strength index, horizontal tectonic stress, pore water pressure and cut angle on the surface displacement of the surrounding rock is analyzed. The results show that as the geological strength index increases, the radial displacement of the surrounding rock surface decreases; as the degree of disturbance damage, lateral pressure coefficient, pore water pressure and cutting angle increase, the radial displacement of the surrounding rock surface increases.

Using FLAC3D numerical simulation software, the stress, displacement and plastic zone distribution characteristics of the cut rock under different working conditions were analyzed. By setting the parameters of anchor rod (cable) support, the distribution characteristics of cutting stress, displacement and plasticity under three different support schemes were compared and analyzed. Analysis shows that among the three support schemes, scheme three has the best support effect, with a stress concentration range of 0.95m to 1.26m on both sides, a maximum horizontal stress of 56.05MPa on both sides, and a maximum vertical stress of 9.78MPa on the top plate; the vertical displacement of the top and bottom plates of the cut eye are 64.5mm and 36.5mm, respectively; the plastic zone range of the two sides of the cut eye is 0.9m, and the plastic zone range of the top and bottom plates is 2.8m and 1.0m, respectively.

The excavation reserve for the 3506 working face cut has been determined, and a targeted rock support plan for the cut has been designed. Using the theory of elastic-plastic mechanics, the reserved deformations from the first excavation section to the fourth excavation section of the cut are calculated to be 300mm, 260mm, 220mm and 200mm, respectively. On this basis, targeted support schemes and parameters for surrounding rock in different excavation sections were designed. The on-site monitoring results show that after the reinforcement of the cut rock support, the maximum displacement of the top and bottom plates is 204mm, and the maximum displacement of the two sides is 165mm. The deformation control effect of the surrounding rock is good, meeting the requirements of on-site production.

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