摘 要 煤尘(粉尘)给煤炭安全高效生产带来威胁，为从业人员健康埋下隐患，深入研究煤尘物理化学性质和润湿机理，优选高效抑尘剂配方，推导抑尘剂抑尘机理，进而开发出多组分化学抑尘剂是解决煤尘危害的有效措施。 本论文采用激光粒度分析、元素分析、接触角、表面张力、ζ电位、比表面积和孔结构测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等现代分析测试手段，研究了黄陵煤、神府煤和晋城煤煤尘的物理化学性质，着重探讨了非离子表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂作用下煤尘润湿机理。以丙烯酰胺为单体，N-N亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，硝酸铈铵为引发剂，膨润土为骨架材料，与糊化淀粉进行原位接枝共聚，制备吸水树脂，与表面活性剂配制成多组分化学抑尘剂，借助SEM、FTIR、热重-差热同步热分析（TG-DSC）,以及粘度和防腐性测试，对产品进行性能表征，推导出抑尘剂微观抑尘机理。 结果表明：表面活性剂可不同程度地改善三种煤尘的润湿能力，阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）效果最好，煤尘接触角分别从大约75°减小到23°左右，主要因为表面活性剂疏水基吸附到煤尘疏水表面，在其表面形成水化膜及双电层结构，改善了煤尘润湿性，表面活性剂浓度增加，形成多层吸附，静电作用和空间位阻作用是煤尘润湿分散根本原因。制备吸水树脂最佳配方为膨润土10 wt%，引发剂1wt%，交联剂0.03wt%；工艺条件为微波功率480W，微波加热9min，对应吸水树脂的吸水倍率为320.32。抑尘剂成膜时间为0.5-1.5h，抑尘时效30天，60℃保温9h，失水40%，抑尘剂涂覆碳钢后腐蚀电流基本不变，有轻微腐蚀性，抑尘剂有较好成膜性、抗蒸性和抑尘作用。煤尘润湿分散和粘结成膜是抑尘剂抑尘两种重要微观作用过程。研究结果具有明显的社会、经济和环境效益，对丰富煤尘抑尘理论，也有一定参考意义。

ABSTRACT Coal dust has great potential threats to safe high-efficiency production of coalmine, and operators’ health. Delving into physical and chemical properties and wetting mechanism of coal dust, choosing effective coal dust suppressant, and developing chemical-typed multi-component functional coal dust suppressant are becoming effective measures to solve coal dust hazards. Physical and chemical properties of coal dust from Huangling, SF, and Jincheng coalmine were analyzed by means of laser particle size analysis, element analysis, contact angle, surface tension, ζpotential, specific surface area and pore structure measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in this article. The wetting and adsorption mechanisms of coal dust in absence of non-ionic and anionic surfactants were investigated also. High water absorption resin was prepared from acrylamide monomer and gelatinized starch on bentonite skeleton by in-situ grafting copolymerization method with N-N methylene double acrylamide as cross-linking agent, and ammonium ceric nitrate as initiator. The suppressants were obtained by dispersing the high water absorption resin in surfactants. Characterizations of the suppressants were performed through SEM, FTIR, simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity tests and erosion resistance observations. Mechanism of suppressing dust is deduced finally. It was shown that surfactant can improve wettability of three kinds of coal dust to different extent. The appropriate surfactant is anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), contact angle of coal dusts decreases from about 75° to about 23° after the treatment. It may be attributed to adsorption of hydrophobic group in surfactants to hydrophobic surface of the coal dusts, forming hydrated film and double electric layer structure around coal dust, resulting in improvement of wettability of the coal dusts. Multilayer adsorption is found with increase in surfactant concentration. Electrostatic interactions and space hindering effect are intrinsic causes of coal dust wetting and dispersion. The optional bentonite content in the resin is 10 wt%, initiator 1wt%, cross-linking agent dosage 0.03wt%, microwave power used is 480W with heating time 9 min, giving the greatest water absorption ratio 320.32. Film-forming time of the suppressant is 0.5-1.5h, coal dust suppression duration 30 days, water loss 40% takes place in 60° for 9 hour. Corrosion current of carbon steel keep steady before and after coating, illustrating a slight corrosion. Generally, good film-forming property, moisture reservation ability and dust suppression effect can be observed in the coal dust suppressants. Wetting dispersion and bonding to film of coal dust are two important microscopic processes of dust suppression. The results of the research are expected to produce obvious social, economic and environmental benefits, contribute to the theoretical system of coal dust suppression.