近年来，随着计算机技术、遥感技术、摄影测量技术、图形图像技术等相关学科的飞速发展，使得通过快速获取地表信息，并进行三维地表重建成为可能。本文在分析了遥感图像特点的基础上，提出了用遥感影像作为三维地形可视化中地形表面纹理图以提高真实感的想法。以三维地形数据和遥感影像数据为基础的地形三维可视化可以产生更逼真的三维视景。由于遥感影像更新速度快，所以基于遥感影像的三维地形可视化有着更广阔的应用前景。 本文的主要思想是：以数字高程模型来表示地形的起伏，影像数据作为地表的纹理来表示地表的真实状况，采用透视的方法将数字高程模型与遥感影像实时叠加,并叠加人文景观等空间数据，按照一定的飞行路线，实现虚拟三维飞行。本文以临潼区为例，实现了地形三维可视化及地形分析。本文的主要内容包括： ⑴高精度数字高程模型的生成及精度分析：利用对临潼区1：1万原始地形图扫描和矢量化并添加地形特征线，利用Delaunay算法，生成较高精度的不规则三角网(TIN)，然后使用克立金插值法内插生成格网DEM；本文还从原始数据获取和内插方法选择两方面入手，讨论了DEM精度控制的方法，并利用等高线回放法进行了DEM精度分析。 ⑵遥感图像数字处理：本文首先选择ETM7、4、1波段进行真彩色组合，然后对ETM8高分辨率的全色影像和ETM742进行像素级融合。在保留原始图像的低频信息和光谱信息的基础上，增强图像的细节信息，从而在一定程度上提高了图像的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率。 ⑶地形三维可视化制作：通过一定的方法，将高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率的遥感影像和高精度的DEM进行叠加，生成实时的三维地形影像，并叠加建筑物等三维模型，按一定的飞行路线进行三维漫游，制作出三维地形影像系列图，最后生成动画，以avi*格式输出。 ⑷在虚拟三维的基础上进行虚拟地理分析包括洪水淹没分析和通视性分析。 ⑸以数字高程模型为基础进行坡度、坡向及地形阴影分析。 ⑹利用空间建模工具，建立坡度分级模型，输出坡度分级图。 基于遥感图像的地形三维可视化及漫游，一方面提供了勘察地区的三维地形影像，给分析勘察人员以感性直观认识，同时可利用现成的遥感图像处理和GIS分析软件，结合影像中地理要素和文字符号标注进行地形测量与地物查询等。

Recent years, with the rapid development of computer, remote sensing, photogrammetry, graphics and some correlative technology, it is a reality that getting the information of the earth's surface fast and rebuilding the earth's surface. Based on analyzing the character of remote sensing images, a thought of applying remote sensing images as terrain surface texture in three dimensional (3D) visualization of terrain is presented in order to strengthen the reality of terrain. 3D visualization of terrain based on three-dimensional data and remote sensing images will produce 3D sight more realistically. Because of the rapid update of remote sensing images, 3D visualization of terrain based on remote sensing images can be applied in wide field. The main idea of the paper is that with digital elevation model (DEM) expressing hypsography and image texture showing terrain reality, images simulating realistic images data reflects onto DEM, and can overlay some human or natural information, even create 3D virtual images according to certain scale and flight routes. Taking LinTong borough for example the paper realized 3D visualization of terrain and terrain analysis, the main content is listed as follows: (1) Establishment of high precision DEM and analysis of DEM precision: In this paper, after scanning LinTong borough original topographical maps which scale is 1:10000 and vectorization, distilling topographical characteristic lines, high precision Triangulated Irregular Network(TIN) is attained using Delaunay arithmetic according to contours and topographical characteristic lines. Then TIN can be converted to grid DEM with kring interpolation method; the paper has discussed the means of DEM precision control from original data and interpolation method and has evaluated DEM accuracy using contour regression. (2) Image processing. In this paper, the author compounded 7,4,1 band of ETM, then made resolution merge between panchromatic Image ETM 8 and multispectral Image ETM741 based on the method of pixels merge. The method reserves raw low-frequency information and spectrum information and strengthens image details, so it improves spatial resolution and spectrum resolution on a degree. (3) Realized 3D visualization of terrain .In this paper, the author created 3D terrain by reflecting the remote sensing images of high spatial resolution and spectrum resolution onto high precision DEM and overlaying some 3D models such as structural models. A series of 3D virtual images of LinTong are created according to certain flight routes and are exported by the format of avi* in the end. (4)Based on visualization of 3D terrain, the author has made virtual analysis including floodwater analysis and visual field analysis. (5)Based on DEM, the author has made analysis of slope, aspect and shade relief. (6) Using spatial modeler, the author established slope classification model and exported classification map. Visualization of 3D terrain based on remote sensing images and navigation, on the one hand can provide 3D terrain images of research region which give researcher an intuitionistic understanding to reconnaissance people, on the other hand user can progress terrain survey, inquiring information of objects by using of existent remote sensing and GIS software combining geography element and annotation of the images.