煤矿冲击地压灾害的发生与空间结构密切相关，尤其在复杂空间结构区灾害发生更频繁。以乌东煤矿为研究背景，采用岩石力学实验、数值模拟、微震监测、理论分析等方法，系统研究了急倾斜巨厚煤层组复杂空间结构区开采煤岩灾变规律，揭示了复杂空间结构区冲击地压发生机理，提出防冲策略并进行工程实践。主要结论如下：

煤岩单轴加载表明自然煤样较饱水煤样变形破坏更剧烈，破坏前兆更明显。同样细粒砂岩破坏特征较炭质泥岩更明显。复杂空间结构数值模拟分析表明：B3+6煤层受顶板-岩柱双挤压作用，B1+2煤层受岩柱-底板双挤压作用，回采B3+6煤层时冲击危险性高于回采B1+2煤层。岩柱应力异常具有明显尺寸效应，开采深度增大、岩柱厚度变窄撬动效应增强，沿走向岩厚变异形成应力分区。岩柱尺寸效应不仅影响应力异常水平高低，同时也影响应力异常范围大小。现场微震监测表明：岩柱厚度更窄区域微震频次更多，能量更高，时空强活动度更强，离散性更高。特殊空间结构内微震事件簇集且能级增大，时空强活动度及离散性陡增，且在结构边缘该特征更明显，能量积聚及释放速率增大，冲击地压发生的概率及强度更高。同样位于岩柱更窄区域的特殊空间结构微震活动更强。B3+6煤层开采时以上微震活动特征均远明显于B1+2煤层。理论分析表明：岩柱、顶板随采深增加其弯矩、能量均呈指数型非线性加速增长，岩柱厚度越窄其弯矩及能量增长速率越快。煤柱高度越大岩柱弯矩、能量增长速率越快。结构面强度效应分析得出断裂带发生滑移错动，是应力积累及释放优势区域。揭示冲击地压发生机理为动静载叠加作用，动载蓄能、静载诱冲。基于应力集中系数评估不同区域的冲击危险性，经采掘工作面大能量矿震验证其评估合理有效。依据煤岩灾变机制及时空特征提出防冲减灾策略并采取针对性措施，工程实践验证防治效果良好。

本研究为乌东煤矿及相似地质条件下煤矿工作面分区分级防控冲击地压提供参考。

The occurrence of coal mine rockburst disasters is closely related to the spatial structure, especially in the complex spatial structure area. Taking Wudong Coal Mine as the research background, by using the methods of rock mechanics experiment, numerical simulation, microseismic monitoring and theoretical analysis, the catastrophe law of coal and rock under the complex spatial structure of steep coal seam group is systematically studied, and the mechanism of rock burst under the complex spatial structure is revealed, and put forward the anti-scour strategy and carry out engineering practice. The main conclusions are as follows: 

Uniaxial loading of coal and rock shows that natural coal samples are more severely damaged than saturated coal samples, and the damage precursors are more obvious. Similarly, the failure characteristics of fine-grained sandstone are more obvious than those of carbonaceous mudstone. The numerical simulation analysis of complex spatial structure shows that: B3+6 coal seam is subjected to the double extrusion of roof and rock pillar, B1+2 coal seam is subjected to the double extrusion of rock pillar and floor, and the impact risk is higher when mining B3+6 coal seam than when mining B1+2 coal seam. The stress anomaly of rock pillar has obvious size effect. With the increase of mining depth and the narrowing of rock pillar thickness, the prying effect is enhanced, and the variation of rock thickness along the strike forms stress zoning. The size effect of rock pillar not only affects the level of stress anomaly, but also affects the range of stress anomaly. Field microseismic monitoring shows that: The area with narrower rock pillar thickness has more microseismic frequency, higher energy, stronger temporal and spatial activity and higher dispersion. The microseismic events in special spatial structure are clustered and the energy level increases, and the temporal and spatial strong activity and dispersion increase sharply, especially at the edge of the structure, the energy accumulation and release rate increases, and the probability and intensity of rock burst are higher. The special spatial structure also located in the narrower area of the rock pillar has stronger microseismic activity. The characteristics of microseismic activity above B3+6 coal seam are far more obvious than B1+2 coal seam. Theoretical analysis shows that: With the increase of mining depth, the bending moment and energy of rock pillar and roof increase exponentially and nonlinearly, and the narrower the thickness of rock pillar, the faster the growth rate of bending moment and energy is. The greater the height of coal pillar, the faster the growth rate of bending moment and energy of rock pillar. The strength effect analysis of structural plane shows that the fault zone is slip and dislocation, which is the dominant area for stress accumulation and release. It is revealed that the mechanism of rock burst is the superposition of dynamic and static loads, dynamic load energy storage and static load induced impact. Based on the stress concentration coefficient, the impact risk of different areas is evaluated, and the division is proved to be reasonable and effective by the high-energy mine earthquake in the mining face. According to the mechanism of coal and rock disaster and the temporal and spatial characteristics, the disaster prevention and erosion reduction strategies are put forward and targeted measures are taken. The engineering practice proves that the pressure relief effect is good.

This study provides a reference for the prevention and control of rockburst in Wudong Coal Mine and similar geological conditions.

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