随着我国交通系统的不断完善，特别是近几年大量高速铁路隧道工程陆续开工建设，其工程地质条件也日趋复杂，过去单纯的经验施工和工程类比法已不能满足现场施工的实际需要，必须通过现场实时监测，获取隧道的围岩变化规律，并及时对其进行预处理分析，将分析结果及时反馈于业主、设计单位、监理及施工单位，以便各单位对隧道变形做出科学预测并优化改善隧道设计及其开挖支护方案，以降低施工成本，提高施工速度。 本文以牛头山隧道开挖为工程背景，对信息反馈技术在隧道施工中的应用进行研究，主要内容有：首先，根据牛头山隧道实际围岩情况、施工情况，确定适合牛头山隧道施工的隧道监测方案，并选择科学合理的监测断面布点方式；其次，实时监测各设计监测断面监测项目，对监测数据进行预处理，并建立六种函数回归模型，利用origin软件对预处理结果通过六种回归模型进行比较分析，获得围岩变形、拱顶收敛及地表沉降规律函数；最后，对回归函数进行求导，获得围岩变形、拱顶收敛及地表沉降速率变化函数，绘制变化曲线，对牛头山隧道开挖方案和支护方案进行优化，并通过试验段对优化效果进行了验证，结果表明优化方案是科学合理的。信息反馈技术在牛头山隧道中的成功运用极大降低了牛头山隧道施工风险，提高了工程质量，对其他各类工程施工也具有借鉴意义。

With the continuous improvement of China's transportation system, the engineering geological conditions met in tunnel construction have become increasingly complex, especially in the past few years, a large number of high-speed railway tunnel projects have started construction. The past simple experience of construction and engineering analogy method can not fit for the actual needs of the construction site.So,it is necessary to reflect the variation law of the surrounding rock in the tunnel through the real-time monitoring,to make scientific prediction of the deformation of the tunnel and find more suitable scheme for the tunnel excavation and supporting. The result of preliminary treatment and analysis about the monitored data are timely feedback to the owners, design units, supervision and construction units in order to optimize the various problems in the design and construction of the tunnel. The paper based on the Niutoushan tunnel will study the application of information feedback technology in tunnel construction. The main research contents include the following three aspects:first of all, according to the actual situation of Niutoushan tunnel surrounding rock and construction conditions,to determine the tunnel monitoring scheme for Niutoushan tunnel construction and choose of scientific and reasonable arrangement of monitoring cross-section.Secondly, based on the real time monitoring of each design monitoring section,the variation law of the deformation of surrounding rock,the convergence of vault and the ground settlement are obtained by contrasting and analysing the results of the six regression models which using Origin software dealt with.Finally,tunnel excavation and support scheme be optimized by the surrounding rock change rate and deformation. The experimental results,depend on the optimization planed, show that the optimization scheme is scientific and reasonable. The successful application of information feedback technology in the tunnel has greatly reduced the risk of the construction and improve the quality of the project. Other types of engineering construction also has reference significance