本文以保护层开采过程中上向远距离被保护煤层横向裂隙发育的时空演化规律以及对渗透率的影响为研究对象，采用理论分析、物理实验及数值模拟等方法开展系统研究。基于弹性薄板理论和线弹性断裂力学理论明晰了远距离上被保护煤层层间和层内横向裂隙演化机制，对传统的实验室相似模型实验平台进行改进，引入了应力柔性均布施加装置系统、CT似原位扫描系统及DIC数字照相应变测量系统，定量分析了远距离煤层群下保护层开采上被保护煤层横向裂隙发育规律，探究了上被保护煤层应力场、位移场等的时空演化规律，建立了上被保护煤层渗透率演化模型，阐明了远距离上被保护煤层渗透机制，主要研究内容如下：

（1）在分析远距离上被保护煤层横向裂隙产生条件和影响因素的基础上，运用薄板小挠度弯曲理论建立了远距离上被保护煤层与邻近岩层间横向离层裂隙初次发育和周期性发育力学模型，推导出横向离层裂隙空间尺寸动态计算公式，给出了横向离层裂隙发育位置判别准则。基于线弹性断裂力学理论，对远距离上被保护煤层进行了受力分析，得出煤层内部在竖向拉应力的作用下会产生平行于煤层的横向扩展裂隙。

（2）率先提出二维相似物理模型中上被保护煤层铺设预制型煤作为裂隙测试单元的方法。在模型中引入应力柔性均布施加装置系统、CT似原位扫描系统及DIC数字照相应变测量系统，定量分析了远距离上被保护煤层横向裂隙发育规律，探究了上被保护煤层采动应力、位移和膨胀变形等的时空演化规律。通过自主设计的相似模型实验进行宏观覆岩不同步弯曲下沉变形和微观CT似原位扫描测试，验证了层间离层裂隙和层内横向扩展裂隙理论分析结果的正确性。上被保护煤层横向离层裂隙随着工作面的推进均经历了发育-扩展-闭合的过程，具有一定的周期性和相似性，相对于下保护层工作面推进距离具有滞后性。通过相似物理模拟实验对远距离上被保护煤层横向裂隙发育、采动应力变化及膨胀变形规律进行研究，构建了远距离上被保护煤层横向裂隙带的工程简化模型，即远距离上被保护煤层横向裂隙空间分布形状为一个动态变化的椭圆形，在下保护层工作面切眼、进风巷和回风巷侧附近相对应远距离上被保护煤层横向裂隙带的宽度基本不变，在下保护层采空区中部相对应远距离上被保护煤层横向裂隙沿着工作面推进方向呈闭合-缓慢扩张-加速扩张-稳定扩张-缓慢闭合-闭合的变化规律。

（3）根据横向裂隙带中卸压瓦斯来源与流动规律，基于双重介质理论、渗流力学等建立了远距离上被保护煤层卸压瓦斯扩散-渗流运移连续性方程，在分析远距离上被保护煤层卸压瓦斯运移与横向裂隙带动态演化关系的基础上，构建了远距离上被保护煤层渗透率演化数学模型。通过对远距离上被保护煤层卸压及渗透率演化数值模拟验证了横向裂隙带的工程简化模型和渗透率分区数学模型的合理性。结果表明远距离上被保护煤层渗透率受下保护层采动影响呈分区动态演化特征，即原始渗透区-渗透降低区-渗透升高区-渗透降低稳定区。

（4）将上述获得的研究成果应用于平煤股份六矿远距离上被保护丁_5.6煤层卸压瓦斯治理，取得了显著的治理效果。保护范围内的丁_5.6煤层瓦斯压力由2.1MPa下降至0.5MPa，下降了76%；瓦斯含量由7.93m³/t下降至4.698m³/t，下降了41%；最大膨胀变形量的最小值6.43‰，大于3‰，有效消除了丁_5.6煤层的突出危险性，保障了矿井的安全高效生产，为类似矿井远距离下保护层开采瓦斯灾害防治提供理论支撑和技术指导。

In this word, the temporal and spatial evolution law of transverse fracture development in the up-distance protected coal seam and its influence on permeability during the mining process of protective layer are taken as the research object. Theoretical analysis, physical experiment and numerical simulation are used to carry out systematic research. Based on the elastic thin plate theory and the linear elastic fracture mechanics theory, the evolution mechanism of transverse fracture between layers and within layers of coal protected at a long distance is clarified. The traditional laboratory similar model experiment platform is improved, and the stress flexible equalization device system, CT seemingly in situ scanning system and DIC digital photographic strain measurement system are introduced. This word quantitatively analyzes the transverse fracture development law of the protected coal seam on the mining of the lower protective layer of the remote coal seam group, explores the temporal and spatial evolution law of the stress field and displacement field of the upper protected coal seam, establishes the permeability evolution model of the upper protected coal seam, and illustrates the permeability mechanism of the remote upper protected coal seam. The main research contents are as follows:

(1) Based on the analysis of the conditions and influencing factors of the transverse fracture in the remote protected coal seam, the mechanical model of the initial development and periodic development of the transverse fracture between the remote protected coal seam and the adjacent rock layer is established by using the theory of small deflection of thin plate.  The dynamic calculation formula of the spatial dimension of the transverse fracture is derived. The criterion for the location of transverse separation bed fracture is given. Based on the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the force analysis of the protected coal seam at a long distance is carried out, and it is concluded that the transverse expansion cracks parallel to the coal seam will be produced in the coal seam under the action of vertical tensile stress.

(2) The method of laying precast briquette as crack test unit in the upper protected coal seam in two-dimensional similar physical model is first proposed. The flexible stress distribution device system, CT quasi-in-situ scanning system and DIC digital photographic strain measurement system are introduced into the model to quantitatively analyze the transverse fracture development law of the remote protected coal seam and explore the temporal and spatial evolution law of mining stress, displacement and expansion deformation of the upper protected coal seam. The self-designed similar model experiment is used to test the non-synchronous bending subsidence deformation of macro overlying rock and the micro-CT quasi-in-situ scanning, which verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis results of the interlayer fracture and the transverse extension fracture within the layer. With the advance of the working face, the transverse separation cracks of the upper protected coal seam all go through the process of development-extension-closure, which has certain periodicity and similarity, and lags behind relative to the advance distance of the working face of the lower protected coal seam. Through similar physical simulation experiments, the development of transverse crack, the change of mining stress and the law of expansion deformation of the remote protected coal seam are studied, The simplified engineering model of the remote protected coal seam transverse crack zone is constructed, that is, the spatial distribution shape of the remote protected coal seam transverse crack was a dynamic ellipse. The width of the transverse fracture zone of the protected coal seam in the distance near the cutting hole of the working face of the lower protective layer, the side of the air inlet and the return air roadway is basically unchanged. The transverse fracture zone of the protected coal seam in the middle of the goaf of the lower protective layer corresponds to the change law of the transverse fracture of the protected coal seam in the distance along the advancing direction of the working face presents a change law of closure - slow expansion - accelerated expansion - stable expansion - slow closure - closure.

(3) According to the source and flow law of depressurized gas in the transverse fractured zone, the continuity equation of depressurized gas diffusion-seepage transport in the distant protected coal seam is established based on the dual medium theory and seepage mechanics, etc. By analyzing the relationship between the depressurized gas transport in the distant protected coal seam and the dynamic evolution of the transverse fractured zone, a mathematical model of permeability evolution of long distance protected coal seam is established. Through the numerical simulation of pressure relief and permeability evolution of the protected coal seam over a long distance, the rationality of the simplified engineering model and permeability zone mathematical model of the transverse fracture zone is verified. The results show that the permeability of the long distance upper protected coal seam has the dynamic evolution characteristics of zoning under the influence of the mining of the lower protected layer, that is, the original permeability zone - permeability decreasing zone - permeability increasing zone - permeability decreasing stable zone.

(4) The above research results are applied to the pressure relief gas treatment of Ding 5.6 coal seam, which is protected at a long distance in Pingmei Runfenliu Mine, and remarkable treatment effect is achieved. The gas pressure in Ding 5.6 coal seam within the protection range decreases by 76% from 2.1MPa to 0.5MPa; The gas content decreases by 41% from 7.93m3/t to 4.698m3/t. The minimum value of the maximum expansion deformation is 6.43‰, greater than 3‰, which effectively eliminates the outburst risk of Ding 5.6 coal seam, guarantees the safe and efficient production of the mine, and provides theoretical support and technical guidance for the prevention and control of gas disaster in the remote lower protective layer mining of similar mines.

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