锂电池是现代高性能电池的代表，广泛应用于3C产品、新能源汽车、储能等领域。随着动力锂电池向高能量密度、快速充电方向发展，对作为负极集流体的铜箔材料提出了极薄化的迫切需求。然而，铜箔极薄化会导致其力学性能和导电性下降。其中，较低的延伸率会造成锂离子电池在电化学循环过程中受交变应力作用出现褶皱、断带等现象，导致电池安全性降低。为了同时满足铜箔的极薄化并保证电池安全性能，亟需开发具有高延高导特性的极薄锂电铜箔。基于此，本论文聚焦高能量密度动力电池对铜箔延伸率及导电率的更高要求，开展了高延高导电解铜箔的设计、制备及评价，分析退火过程电解铜箔微观组织的演变，构筑高延高导电解铜箔的组织结构特性，探讨了铜箔在锂离子电池中的电化学作用和效能，获得了最适合作为负极集流体的铜箔材料。论文的主要研究内容及结论如下：

（1）基于CVS分析，镀液铜、酸、氯离子浓度与剥离电量Q值之间形成了变化关系，在此基础上研究铜沉积过程中单一、复合添加剂对电解液的作用机制及其交互作用，揭示了添加剂对电解铜箔的微观组织和性能的影响。确定最优电解液配方为85 g/L Cu²⁺、90 g/L H₂SO₄和20 mg/L Cl^-，并发现当电解液中加入2 mg/L SP-50、3 mg/L CL-50以及5 mg/L HE-50时，得到的铜箔毛面晶粒尺寸细小，表面平整且无明显缺陷，此时粗糙度最低，为0.23 μm，同时力学性能最优，延伸率可达4.67%，抗拉强度可达520.87 MPa。

（2）针对电解铜箔生产过程中添加剂，尤其是CL-50等有机添加剂的降解与吸附问题，开展了降解时间对添加剂赋存状态的影响。CL-50在铜电沉积过程中发生显著的抑制沉积行为，且抑制效果和CL-50含量呈现指数关系。随着水解时间的延长或铜沉积量的增加，CL-50的水解率明显下降。上述研究为阐明添加剂的演变行为，揭示其耗损机理起到了技术支持。

（3）采用镀液纯净化思路制备了高强韧电解铜箔。自制电解铜箔进行退火处理后测试结果表明，当退火时间和退火温度分别为24 h与180℃时，铜箔延伸率达到9.91%，比未退火的铜箔延伸率提高了2.4倍，抗拉强度下降至276.98 MPa，铜箔内部出现了退火孪晶，电导率达到最高102.33 %IACS。

（4）铜箔的微观形貌和力学性能将直接影响电池行为。其中，经过退火处理的无添加剂铜箔具有高密度指数，表现为较为粗糙的形貌和良好的力学性能，6 μm退火铜箔的延伸率高达9.91%，并且优于同等铜酸参数下，8 μm最佳添加剂配比的电解铜箔，对其进行电化学分析，发现这种粗糙度优势带来更高的电池稳定性和倍率，表现出优异的电化学特性，从而获得最适合作为负极集流体的铜箔，对于传统负极集流体行业的创新发展指出了一个新的研发方向。

Lithium battery is the representative of modern high-performance batteries, which are widely used in 3C products, new energy vehicles, energy storage and other fields. With the development of power lithium batteries in the direction of high energy density and fast charging, there is an urgent need for extremely thin copper foil materials as anode current collectors. However, extremely thin copper foil can lead to a decrease in the mechanical properties and conductivity of copper foil. Among them, the low elongation will cause the lithium-ion battery to wrinkle and break the belt due to alternating stress during the electrochemical cycle, resulting in the reduction of battery safety. In order to meet the ultra-thin copper foil and ensure the safety performance of the battery at the same time, it is urgent to develop ultra-thin lithium battery copper foil with high ductility and high conductivity. Based on this, this paper focuses on the higher requirements of high energy density power batteries for copper foil elongation and conductivity, carries out the design, preparation and evaluation of high ductility and high conductivity electrolytic copper foil, analyzes the evolution of the microstructure of electrolytic copper foil during annealing, constructs the microstructure characteristics of high ductility and high conductivity electrolytic copper foil, discusses the electrochemical action and efficiency of copper foil in lithium-ion batteries, and obtains the most suitable copper foil material as a negative electrode current collector. The main research contents and conclusions of the paper are as follows:

(1) Based on CVS analysis, the relationship between the concentrations of copper, acid and chloride ions in the plating solution and the Q value of the stripping amount was formed, and on this basis, the mechanism and interaction of single and composite additives on the electrolyte during the copper deposition process were studied, and the effects of additives on the microstructure and properties of electrolytic copper foil were revealed. The optimal electrolyte formula was determined to be 85 g/L Cu²⁺, 90 g/L H₂SO₄ and 20 mg/L Cl^-, and it was found that when 2 mg/L SP-50, 3 mg/L CL-50 and 5 mg/L HE-50 were added to the electrolyte, the rough surface of the copper foil was fine, the surface was smooth and there were no obvious defects, the roughness was the lowest, which was 0.23 μm, and the mechanical properties were the best, with an elongation of 4.67% and a tensile strength of 520.87 MPa.

(2) In order to solve the problem of degradation and adsorption of additives in the production process of electrolytic copper foil, especially organic additives such as CL-50, the influence of degradation time on the occurrence state of additives was carried out. It was found that CL-50 had a significant inhibition of deposition during copper electrodeposition, and the inhibition effect was exponentially related to CL-50 content. With the extension of hydrolysis time or the increase of copper deposition, the hydrolysis rate of CL-50 decreases significantly. The above studies have played a technical role in clarifying the evolution behavior of additives and revealing their loss mechanisms.

(3) The high-strength and toughness electrolytic copper foil was prepared by the idea of purification of the plating solution. At the same time, the test results of self-made electrolytic copper foil after annealing treatment showed that when the annealing time and annealing temperature were 24 h and 180°C, respectively, the elongation of copper foil reached 9.91%, which was 2.4 times higher than that of the unannealed copper foil, the tensile strength decreased to 276.98 MPa, annealed twins appeared inside the copper foil, and the conductivity reached the highest 102.33 %IACS.

(4) The microscopic morphology and mechanical properties of copper foil will directly affect the battery behavior. Among them, the annealed additive-free copper foil has a high density index, a relatively rough morphology and good mechanical properties, and the elongation of 6 μm annealed copper foil is as high as 9.91%, The electrochemical analysis of the electrolytic copper foil with the optimal additive ratio of 8 μm shows that this roughness advantage brings higher battery stability and rate, and shows excellent electrochemical characteristics, so as to obtain the most suitable copper foil as the anode current collector, which points out a new research and development direction for the innovation and development of the traditional anode current collector industry.