煤炭作为我国的基本能源和重要原料，在国民经济中占有极其重要的战略地位。近年来，我国安全事故与自然灾害发生频繁，煤炭安全生产面临着非常严峻的形势。 矿山救援“十一五”发展规划明确指出：我国矿山应急救援存在问题方面包括救援设备落后、通信信息不畅，远不能适应矿山应急救援的整体需要。矿山事故的应急救援工作，事关矿工生命和国家财产，不仅是矿山企业安全生产工作的重要内容，也是重要的公共安全和社会公益性事业，关系到国家发展与稳定的大局，关系到我国在国际政治、经济生活中的地位和影响。由于国家重视程度加大，急需对煤矿安全救援装备、救援系统进行开发研究，因此煤矿救援通信系统的研究与实现成为应用研究的热点。 矿山救援通信，也称矿山应急通信，指事故状态下，灾区救护队员与井下救护基地、地面指挥中心以及国家安全生产监督管理局之间的临时抢险救灾通信。 论文围绕煤矿应急救援通信系统的研究方案及所应用的关键技术进行了系统深入的研究，研发了一套全本安型、体积小、重量轻、自备电源的煤矿救援多媒体通信指挥系统，旨在为煤矿救援无线通信系统的研究及装备的实现起到一定的推动作用。 针对井下巷道的复杂环境，研究特高频（UHF）无线电波在矿井有限空间的传播特性。通过理论和实验，研究和确定了矿井有限空间中无线电波的传输频率，采用波导模式理论及几何光学理论分析研究UHF无线电波在井下主巷道内的传播规律，在考虑矿井实际复杂环境的基础上，提出了一种基于波导模式方法及几何光学方法融合的井下无线电波传播特性预测方法，该方法在近场区主要采用镜像法对反射系数进行修正后，预测井下空间的场强分布，同时考虑一些干扰因素的影响，进而计算出电波传输参数；在远场区将巷道视作有损介质波导，用修正的波导模型来预测电波的传播损耗。预测方法的结果更加符合矿井的实际复杂信道环境，为矿井无线通信提供准确的信道估计。 针对井下特殊环境监测问题，分析系统中探测点定位的特殊要求，对现有的无线传感器网络节点定位算法进行分析研究，选取DV-HOP定位算法作为原始算法，对其进行深入分析，提出了总体最小二乘算法的改进DV-HOP定位算法，考虑到井下节点布放时的特点，正常生产状况下，分析锚节点布放的比例、网络连通度及网络覆盖率。在特殊情况下（发生灾害时）给随机抛掷的部分节点配备GPS设备获取自身的坐标信息，能很快的通过自组织网络传递灾后现场信息。在保证定位精度的前提下，降低了误差累积现象，以达到高效低能耗的目的。 针对煤矿应急救援通信系统节点中无线链路迅速搭建的要求，在分析无线传感器网络路由协议的基础上，重点研究AODV协议。从能量有效性出发，利用GAF协议的思想对AODV协议进行改进，提出一种具有地理信息的AODV_GAF协议。通过引入等效节点休眠机制，避免了路由请求信息内爆及数据冲突的现象，对随机抛掷的节点迅速连接，改善了网络的能量有效性，仿真验证了其性能。 提出了煤矿应急救援多媒体通信指挥系统实现技术方案，进行了系统的总体设计，并设计了硬件结构及其对应的电路模块，采用MPEG4技术、动态网络接入技术、基于VOIP的救援多方语音通信技术、TCP/IP技术、自组网技术、环境参数检测技术等先进的技术，研发了一套全本安型、体积小、重量轻、自备电源的煤矿救援多媒体通信指挥系统，实现了“即铺即用”的煤矿救援应急通信服务，实现了煤矿应急救援中的救援现场视频、音频和环境参数（瓦斯、一氧化碳、氧气、温度等）的远距离传输、显示、存储、回放及告警，对煤矿救援的应用有着重要的意义。

As one of China’s basic energy resources and important raw materials, coal occupies an extremely important strategic position in the national economy. In recent years, safety accidents and natural disasters occur frequently in China. Coal production safety is facing an austere situation. The eleventh Five-year Plan of Mine Rescue explicitly points out that the problems faced by mine rescue include backward equipment and lack of information, which leads to the fact that mine rescue cannot meet the emergency needs on the whole. Since mine rescue of accidents is in close connection with the miners’ lives and the state property, it is of great importance not only in the safe production of coal mine, but also in public safety and public interest. It also plays an essential role in the development and stability of China, and has much to do with China’s position in and influence on international politics and economy. Due to the increasing attention paid by the government, it is urgent to do research on the development of mine rescue equipment and rescue systems. the research and realization of wireless communication system in mine rescue has become a hot spot in application research. Mine rescue communication, also known as mine emergency communication, refers to temporary emergency rescue and disaster relieving communication under the incident state between rescue team and underground rescue base, ground commanding centers, the state administration of work safety. In the paper, schemes and key technologies of emergency rescue communication systems in mines are researched, a set of safety, small size, light weight, self-powered mine rescue multimedia communication command system is developed in depth in order to boost the research of rescue communication systems in mines and the implementation of equipments. Complex environment for the underground tunnel, the research of propagation characteristics of ultra high-frequency (UHF) radio waves in limited spaces in mines is done, which provides theoretical basis for emergency rescue communication system in mines. The transmission frequency is determined by theory and experiment. Propagation law of UHF radio waves within underground main roadway limited spaces is studied and analyzed by waveguide mode and geometric optical theory. In considering the complex environment of mines, a prediction method with the characteristics of underground wireless radio wave propagation is proposed based on fusion of waveguide mode method and geometric optical method. The mirror method is mainly utilized in near field to predict the field strength distribution of underground space within this model. At the same time, the impact of confounding factors is taken into account, and then the transmission parameters are calculated. In the far field, the roadway is seen as loss medium waveguide and wave attenuation characteristic is calculated by waveguide mode transmission theory. The results of prediction method are more suitable for the actual complicated channel environment in mines and provide accurate channel estimation for mine wireless communications. According to the special environment monitoring problem and the special requirements of probe point positioning, the existing wireless sensor network localization algorithms are analyzed. Selecting the DV-HOP localization algorithm as the original algorithm, and carrying on the thorough analysis, an improved DV-HOP localization algorithm is proposed with the least-square algorithm. The features of nodes distribution are taken into account, such as the proportion of laying anchor nodes, network connectivity and network coverage in normal conditions. Under special circumstances (disasters), parts of nodes are equipped with GPS devices to get their own coordinate information, and then the disaster site information can be passed through the self-organizing network. In the premise of ensuring accuracy, the error accumulation phenomenon is reduced and the aim of high efficiency, low energy consumption is achieved. Aiming at the radio link requirements of nodes in emergency rescue communication systems, and based on the analysis of routing protocols for wireless sensor networks, the AODV protocol is focused on. Starting from energy validity, a AODV_GAF protocol with geographic information is presented by combining GAF protocol with geographic information and AODV protocol. Through introducing the equivalent joint dormancy mechanism, the RREQ information implosion and data conflict phenomenon are avoided. With the quick connection between random nodes, the network energy validity is improved. The performance is simulation verified. The implementation schemes in mine emergency rescue command system with multimedia communication technologies are proposed. The hardware structure is designed, and the corresponding circuit blocks, MPEG4 technology, dynamic network access technology, rescue multi-party voice communication technology based on VOIP, TCP/IP, self-organizing network technology, environment parameter detection technology and other advanced technologies have been used. A set of safety, small size, light weight, self-powered mine rescue multimedia communication command system is developed, and the ‘quickly used’ services are realized. The long distance transmission, displaying, storage, playback and alarm of live video, audio, and environmental parameters (gas, carbon monoxide, oxygen, temperature, etc) is realized. These have important significance for application of mine rescue.