环境污染严重影响经济的可持续发展与人类的健康和生存。随着社会的日益发展，环境保护已经越来越受到人类的关注。我国是一个矿产资源大国，矿业发展迅速，但是在矿业发展的同时却付出了巨大的环境代价。加大对矿山环境的监测、评价及其调控研究，提出治理方案，为政府部门进行治理提供依据是当前环境工作者的当务之急。 本次对我国的典型金矿区—河南灵宝金矿区文峪河的河水进行采样分析，测定其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属含量，利用Excel数据处理工具，评价采矿导致的河水中重金属污染状况，分析重金属污染的空间分布特点和重金属元素之间的相关性。利用内梅罗指数法对文峪水系重金属污染水平、污染现状进行了系统的评价，结果发现该地区的水质已经遭受到严重的污染，Hg和Pb大部分样品的单项污染指数都在10以上。研究发现，在同一条河中，对于不同的重金属，其变化不尽相同，但是总的来说Pb、Hg、Cd污染相对严重，Zn、Cu、As、Cr6+基本没有对水体造成污染，只在个别点有超标情况。 以背景值作为评价标准进行评价，结果发现Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn超标率均超过了90%，其中铅和铜元素的单项累积超标倍数大部分远大于10；镉、铬和砷元素仅在个别点超标外，其余点均接近于背景值。 通过河水含量的相关性分析，Cd—Zn、Cu—Hg、Zn—Pb之间存在极显著的相关性，表明铅、铜、汞、锌之间同源性很高。As、Cr6+与其它五种金属之间没有相关关系。 采用健康风险评价对采集的22个水系样品进行评价，发现致癌物质（As和Cd）通过饮水途径所引起的健康危害的个人年均风险以As最大，Cd次之，表明饮用水途径健康风险高；非致癌物质Pb、Hg和Cu所引起的健康风险甚微，不会对暴露人群构成明显的危害。 整个研究过程表明，灵宝金矿区文峪河水已遭受到严重污染，必须加强对该地区污染的防治工作。

Not only the continual development of economic but also health and survival of human being have been serious effected by environment pollution. Along with the day-by-day development of economic, people attach importance to environment protection more and more. China is full of energy sources, the development of mining is fast, but we pay out tremendous cost of environment at the same time. It is the urgent affairs that strengthening inspecting and evaluating of environment, researching the measures of fathering environment, advancing scheme of fathering mining environment in order to provide reference for our government. The samples of Wenyu river were comprehensively collected and the Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn were determined. Using Excel as the tool of data processing, the spatial distributions of heavy metals were investigated in Wenyu river. We not only evaluated the situation of heavy metals pollution arose by mining, but also analyzed the distribution regularity about heavy metals pollution in the space and the correlation among heavy metals. Combined with the reference values of heavy metals of river in study area, the pollution level and present situation about accumulation of heavy metals were evaluated systematically by Nemero Index in Wenyu river. This paper evaluated the test result of the samples with single pollution and synthetic pollution index. The result is that the river had been polluted seriously and most of the single pollution index of Hg and Pb is big than 10.The research found that the heavy metals pollution is unlike in the same river, As 、Zn、Cu and Cr6+ almost didn’t pollute the river, but other heavy metals polluted it more seriously as a whole. Through analyzing the correlation of single pollution index by using “Microsoft office excel”, the author found that there were very visible pollution relativities and high homologies in Cd-Zn, Cu- Hg, and Zn- Pb. Using health risk assessment model from US EPA associated with the As,Cd ,Pb,Hg, and Cu in water samples from 22 sampling points in the water environment of Wenyu river, the result showed that the health risk to the individual person per year in terms of carcinogens through drinking cause by As is higher than Cd. The non-carcinogens risks ranged from 10-8 to 10-11 ,much lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP. The health risk of carcinogens was much higher than that of non-carcinogens. The whole research process showed that the rivers have been polluted gravely, Pb and Hg were main heavy metals of water in Wenyu, and influenced Huanghe river, so the countermeasure for mine’s environmental protection and improvement must be strengthened.