随着煤气化技术作为一种高效环保的煤洁净技术的广泛应用，其伴生固体废弃物(煤气化渣)给当地环境造成了巨大压力。因此，如何有效的处理煤气化渣是当地政府和企业亟待解决的问题。矿山充填作为一种固废管理的有效方式被推广应用，但充填高成本问题是阻碍其广泛应用的主要因素。目前，使用廉价固废替代高成本胶凝材料，将其资源化利用于矿山充填，以降低充填成本，已然成为一种不可阻挡的趋势。

本论文运用室内试验与理论分析相结合的研究方法，针对榆林地区煤气化渣的资源

化处置和煤矿充填的发展需求，通过对煤气化渣粗渣(CGS)的物化特性分析，利用硫酸钠(SS)作为激发剂制备改性煤气化渣(MCGS)，然后用MCGS制备改性煤气化渣充填材料(MCGS-CPB)。随后对MCGS-CPB的工作性能和力学性能进行可行性分析，并基于水化热和电阻率对MCGS-CPB的水化特性及其微观结构演变规律展开研究，从本质上解释MCGS-CPB的宏观力学形成原理，以实现从微观层面对CGS的改性和MCGS-CPB制备进行调控。研究结论如下：

(1) 通过分析CGS的微观形貌、矿物相、化学成分、粒径分布和含碳量发现，随CGS粒径的减小，含碳量先增大后减小；CGS内部存在大量的非晶相，并且具有一定潜在的火山灰活性。

(2) 利用机械-化学活化对CGS进行改性处理，通过对其物化特性对比分析发现。MCGS的絮状残炭消失，粒径变小，棱角弱化。对MCGS非晶相含量以及其对饱和CH的消耗分析发现，机械-化学活化增加了非晶相含量，激发了潜在的火山灰活性。

(3) 在工作性能方面，其流动性能满足矿山管道输送要求，凝结时间可以根据实际矿山应用需求进行调节。在力学性能方面，MCGS可以等效替代水泥，部分30% MCGS和50% MCGS组可以等效替代10%以上的水泥。

(4) MCGS-CPB的水化反应阶段分别为：溶解阶段、诱导阶段、加速阶段、减速阶段以及缓慢反应阶段。随SS和MCGS的添加，MCGS-CPB的N曲线出现了第三放热峰，Q_120h逐渐增大。基于Krstulovic-Dabic动力学模型表征了MCGS-CPB水化机理三过程：结晶成核与晶体生长(NG)、相边界反应(I)和扩散(D)，定量计算了晶体几何生长指数(n)、反应动力学常数(K)，发现n和K随SS和MCGS的增加而增大。另外，MCGS-CPB的水化机制为NG→I→D，添量较大的SS和MCGS在I过程停留的时间较长。

(5) MCGS-CPB 的微观结构发展阶段分别为：溶解阶段、凝结加速阶段、凝结减速阶段以及硬化阶段。随SS和MCGS添加，早期电阻率减小，后期电阻率增长速率增大，微观结构动力学参数K_c和D分别增大和减小。高含量的MCGS在适量SS的激发作用下，更有利于二次水化反应的发生，该反应消耗了CH并生成水化产物AFt，使MCGS-CPB微观结构的密实速率加快，从而促进了强度的发展。

本研究为煤气化渣矿山充填的配比优化、现场应用等提供指导，为促进煤气化渣矿山充填应用奠定理论基础。

With the wide application of coal gasification technology as an efficient and environmentally friendly coal cleaning technology, its associated solid waste (coal gasification slag) has caused great pressure on the local environment. Therefore, how to effectively deal with coal gasification slag is an urgent problem for local government and enterprises. Mine backfill has been widely used as an effective way of solid waste management, but the high cost of backfill is the main factor hindering its wide application. At present, it has become an irresistible trend to use cheap solid waste to replace high cost cementitious materials and use them as resources for mine backfill in order to reduce the backfill cost.

In this paper, the research method of combining laboratory test and theoretical analysis is used, aiming at the resource treatment of coal gasification slag and the development demand of coal mine backfill in Yulin area, through the analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of coal gasification slag coarse slag (CGS), modified coal gasification slag (MCGS) is prepared by using sodium sulfate (SS) as activator, and then modified coal gasification slag backfill material (MCGS-CPB) is prepared by using MCGS. Then, the feasibility analysis of the working performance and mechanical properties of MCGS-CPB is carried out, and the hydration characteristics and microstructure evolution of MCGS-CPB are studied based on the hydration heat and resistivity. The micromechanical formation principle of MCGS-CPB was explained in essence, so as to realize the regulation of CGS modification and MCGS-CPB preparation from the micro-level. The conclusions are as follows：

(1) By analyzing the micro-morphology, mineral phase, chemical composition, particle size distribution and carbon content of CGS, it is found that with the decrease of CGS particle size, the carbon content first increases and then decreases; There are a lot of amorphous phases in CGS, which have certain potential pozzolanic activity.

(2) CGS was modified by mechanical-chemical activation, and its physicochemical properties were compared. The flocculent carbon residue of MCGS disappeared, the particle size became smaller and the edges and corners weakened. The analysis of the content of amorphous phase in MCGS and the consumption of saturated CH shows that the mechanical chemical activation increases the content of amorphous phase and stimulates the potential pozzolanic activity.

(3) In terms of working performance, its flow performance meets the requirements of mine pipeline transportation, and the setting time can be adjusted according to the actual mine application requirements. In terms of mechanical properties, MCGS can replace cement equivalently, and some 30% MCGS and 50% MCGS can replace more than 10% cement equivalently.

(4) The hydration reaction stages of MCGS-CPB are: dissolution stage, induction stage, acceleration stage, deceleration stage and slow reaction stage. With the addition of SS and MCGS, the N curve of MCGS-CPB showed a third exothermic peak, and Q_120h gradually increased. Based on the Krstulovic-Dabic kinetic model, the three processes of MCGS-CPB hydration mechanism were characterized: crystal nucleation and crystal growth (NG), phase boundary reaction (I) and diffusion (D), and the geometric growth index of crystals (n), reaction kinetic constant (K), it is found that n and K increase with the increase of SS and MCGS. In addition, the hydration mechanism of MCGS-CPB is NG→I→D, and SS and MCGS with a larger amount of addition stay in the I process for a longer time.

(5) The microstructure development stages of MCGS-CPB are: dissolution stage, condensation acceleration stage, condensation deceleration stage and hardening stage. With the addition of SS and MCGS, the early resistivity decreases, and the later resistivity growth rate increases, and the microstructure dynamic parameter is K_c and D increase and decrease respectively. High content of MCGS is more conducive to the secondary hydration reaction under the excitation of appropriate amount of SS, which consumes CH and generates AFt, and accelerates the densification rate of MCGS-CPB microstructure and promotes the development of strength.

This research provides guidance for the optimization of coal gasification slag mine backfill ratio and field application, and lays a theoretical foundation for promoting the application of coal gasification slag mine backfill.

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