在火灾救援环境中，高温热环境和防护服内蓄热会使消防员体内产热散热不平衡，导致热生理调节失衡，严重影响着消防员的生命安全。本研究旨在探讨灭火防护服、空气呼吸器和液体冷却服对消防员生理与心理响应机理的影响。

在温湿度可控的人工气候室内，招募12名受试者开展一组对照组和四组实验组的人体生理心理实验。在流程为休息-运动-恢复的实验过程中，持续测量皮肤温度、核心温度和心率等生理参数；热感觉、热舒适、疲劳程度和认知测试等心理参数。计算蓄热量、出汗量、生理应变指数（PSI）和心理应变指数（PeSI）。通过ROC曲线和Bland-Altman分析等多元统计分析方法明确防护服、空气呼吸器和液体冷却服对人体热生理心理的影响规律，检验PSI与PeSI之间的相关性和一致性，进而阐明人体热生理、心理反应对不同个体防护装备的响应机理。

结果表明，在生理方面：灭火防护服使受试者的热生理反应大幅升高，核心温度上升0.6 ℃、平均皮肤温度上升1.09 ℃、心率上升33bpm、出汗量升高57%；佩戴空气呼吸器会增加核心温度和心率的上升速度，然而对皮肤温度、出汗量几乎没有影响；液体冷却服可以使受试者的平均皮肤温度显著降低0.76 ℃、出汗量显著降低26%。在心理方面：灭火防护服使受试者的热心理反应升高，相比于基础服装，热感受升高了1.67刻度、疲劳程度升高了28%；空气呼吸器对受试者的热感受、热舒适和疲劳程度的影响微乎其微；液体冷却服对热感受的影响主要集中在静息状态，对热舒适的影响集中在运动状态，而对疲劳程度没有影响。此外，通过相关分析与一致性检验可知，心理应变指数对生理热应激具有较好的预测潜力，线性拟合R²最小为0.81，ROC曲线线下面积最小为0.82，Bland-Altman分析平均偏差最大为-1.8。由此可得，灭火防护服会导致受试者的热生理和心理反应，空气呼吸器对热生理和心理的影响较小，液体冷却服可以缓解热生理和心理反应，心理应变指数可以准确预测生理热应激。

本研究揭示了灭火防护服、空气呼吸器和液体冷却服对生理与心理响应机理。可为防护服开发、冷却系统性能评估以及消防员效能评估提供了数据基础和理论支撑。

In the fire rescue environment, the heat storage in the high-temperature thermal environment and protective clothing will cause the imbalance of heat production and heat dissipation of firefighters, resulting in imbalance in thermophysiological regulation and seriously affecting the life safety of firefighters. This study aimed to investigate the effects of fire protective clothing (FPC), self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and liquid-cooled clothing (LCG) on the physiological and psychological response mechanism of firefighters.

In the artificial climate chamber with controlled temperature and humidity, 12 participants were recruited to carry out human physiological and psychological trials in the control group and 4 experimental groups. During the rest-exercise-recovery experiment, physiological parameters such as skin temperature, core temperature, and heart rate are continuously measured. Psychological parameters such as thermal sensation, thermal comfort, perceived exertion level (RPE), and cognitive tests. Heat storage, sweating loss, physiological strain index (PSI) and psychological strain index (PeSI) were calculated. Through multivariate statistical analysis methods such as ROC curve and Bland-Altman analysis, the effects of FPC, SCBA and LCG on human thermophysiology and psychology were clarified, the correlation and consistency between PSI and PeSI were tested, and the response mechanism of human thermophysiology and psychological response to different personal protective equipment was clarified. The results showed that physiology, FPC significantly improved the participants' thermophysiological response, with a 0.6 °C increase in core temperature, a 1.09 °C increase in mean skin temperature, a 33bpm increase in heart rate, and a 57% increase in sweating. Wearing a SCBA increases the core temperature and heart rate, but has little effect on skin temperature and sweating loss.

The results showed that in terms of physiology, the FPC significantly increased the thermal physiological response of the participants, the core temperature increased by 0.6 ℃, the mean skin temperature increased by 1.09 ℃, the heart rate increased by 33 bpm, and the sweating loss increased by 57%. Wearing a SCBA increases the core temperature and heart rate, but has little effect on skin temperature and sweating loss. The mean skin temperature of the participants was significantly reduced by 0.76 ℃ and the sweating loss was significantly reduced by 26%. In terms of psychology: FPC increased the thermal psychological reaction of the participants. Compared with the control group, the thermal sensation increased by 1.67 scale and the RPE increased by 28%. The effect of SCBA on the thermal sensation, thermal comfort and RPE of the participants was minimal; the effect of LCG on thermal sensation is mainly concentrated in the resting state, and the effect on thermal comfort is concentrated in the motion state, but has no effect on RPE. In addition, through correlation analysis and consistency test, it can be seen that the psychological strain index has a good predictive potential for physiological heat stress. The minimum linear fitting R² is 0.81, the minimum area under the ROC curve is 0.82, and the average deviation of Bland-Altman analysis is -1.8. It can be concluded that FPC will lead to the thermal physiological and psychological reactions of the participants. SCBA have little effect on thermal physiology and psychology. LCG can alleviate thermal physiological and psychological reactions. Psychological strain index can accurately predict physiological heat stress.

This study revealed the physiological and psychological response mechanism of FPC, SCBA and LCG. It can provide data basis and theoretical support for protective clothing development, cooling system performance evaluation and firefighter effectiveness evaluation.