我国侏罗纪低变质烟煤储量丰富，煤岩显微组分组成结构特殊，严重制约了其清洁高效利用。根据侏罗纪低变质烟煤显微组成及结构特点，开展煤岩显微组分的高效分离是实现其清洁和高效低碳化转化的重要途径。

浮选技术是侏罗纪低变质烟煤煤岩显微组分分离的重要方法之一。其中，电浮选分离技术在细粒煤显微组分分离方面具有独特优势，但煤岩显微组分的电浮选分离机理不清晰，相应的调控方法难以建立，严重制约了该技术的发展。神府煤为典型的侏罗纪高惰质组烟煤。因此，本文以神府烟煤为对象，在煤岩显微组分表面电化学改性研究的基础上，重点开展了电解微泡的调控方法、铝阳极电凝聚的选择性作用机制，以及电浮选分离方法及其机理等研究，取得了如下主要结果。

（1）电化学氧化和还原改性可有效提高神府煤镜质组和惰质组的可浮性差异。以手选和密度梯度离心分离的高纯度镜质组和惰质组为研究对象，在隔膜电解槽中对煤样进行了电化学氧化和还原改性，考察了改性处理对煤样的润湿性、表面电性及稳定性等的影响。结果表明：经电化学还原改性后，煤样的润湿性减小，煤颗粒表面的zeta电位向正电方向偏移，且聚集性减弱，分散性和稳定性增加；经电化学氧化后，煤样上述性质的变化基本相反；惰质组与水溶液的粘附力更强，且经电化学改性后，其与镜质组的差异性增大。

（2）通过控制电化学氧化和还原反应可改变煤岩显微组分表面亲水性官能团的含量，进而调控镜质组和惰质组的可浮性差异。为揭示电化学改性对煤岩显微组分可浮性的调变机制，采用红外光谱考察了电化学氧化和还原改性前后煤样表面结构的变化。研究表明，镜质组表面易被电化学氧化，而惰质组更易被电化学还原。电化学改性主要改变了煤中-OH、-COOH等亲水性官能团的含量，电化学还原使其含量减小，而电化学氧化使其含量增加。

（3）通过调变浮选溶液pH、电压强度和反应时间等因素可调控电浮选的气泡特征。为建立电浮选气泡的调控方法，针对铝电极，采用高速动态摄像系统在电浮选槽中考察了上述因素对电解氢气泡和氧气泡的尺寸、浓度、上浮速度及表面电性的影响规律。结果表明：铝电极可获得20~100μm直径的气泡，且气泡浓度较大；当溶液pH酸碱度越高，电压强度越大，电极反应时间越长时，电解气泡的尺寸越小、气泡浓度越高；气泡的上升速度和表面电负性与气泡尺寸直接相关，气泡尺寸增大，气泡的上升速度和表面电负性增加。

（4）煤岩显微组分电浮选分离过程中，通过调变气泡尺寸和浓度可调控浮物回收率和显微组分富集率。在电浮选装置上，以神府原煤为原料，考察了气泡尺寸和浓度对浮物回收率和镜质组富集率的影响规律。结果表明，气泡浓度与浮物收率呈线性相关，气泡浓度越高，浮物收率越高；气泡尺寸与浮物中镜质组含量呈线性相关，在电解的氧气泡尺寸范围内，气泡尺寸越小，镜质组含量越高，而在氢气泡尺寸范围内，其相关性恰好相反。

（5）调变铝阳极电解产生的铝离子的水解形态和浓度，可通过电凝聚对镜质组和惰质组的选择性实现电浮选分离过程的强化，提高分选效果。在电浮选装置上，以铝为电解阳极，通过絮团生成量、絮体分形维数、沉降速率及颗粒稳定性等考察了电压强度、溶液pH值及反应时间对镜质组和惰质组电凝聚的差异性。研究表明：电凝聚对惰质组具有较高的选择性，可加速惰质组的沉降；提高溶液pH酸度、电压强度和反应时间可增强电凝聚的选择性。

（6）基于上述理论研究，设计开发了系列电浮选分离工艺，建立了神府煤显微组分的高效分离新方法。以神府原煤为原料，对煤岩显微组分的单槽电浮选和分电极双槽电浮选分离方法进行了比较研究。结果表明，分电极双槽电浮选可获得更好的分离效果，且阴极槽的浮选速率较阳极更快，而阳极槽所得浮物产品的镜质组回收率更高；采用分电极双槽串联电浮选方法，通过阴极一次浮选和阳极电凝聚强化再浮选工艺，浮选分离的综合效率最高可达83.7%。此时，浮物产品的镜质组回收率为86.7%，产品的镜质组含量为91.3%；两个沉物产品的回收率分别为41.6%和54.9%，产品的惰质组含量为90.6%和80.6%。

（7）揭示了电浮选分离煤岩显微组分的“电化学改性-微泡调控-电凝聚选择性强化”一体化分离机理。电浮选过程中，镜质组与水在阴极生成的氢自由基发生还原反应，使其表面-OH和-COOH含量降低，疏水性增强；酸性体系内，镜质组表面正电性增强，其易与荷负电的电解微气泡发生矿化作用；惰质组表面负电性更强，其通过电泳作用在阳极板上发生直接电化学氧化反应，导致其表面含氧官能团增加，亲水性增强；铝阳极产生的活性铝离子水解，生成阳离子水合物，惰质组在水合铝分子链上吸附凝聚，从而强化了其沉降效率。

China is rich in Jurassic low metamorphic bituminous coal with special composition of structure, which seriously restricts the efficiency of its clean conversion and utilization. Given the composition and structural characteristics of Jurassic low metamorphic bituminous coal, the efficient separation of macerals is an important aproach to realize the clean and efficient low carbonization transformation.

Flotation is one of the important methods for the separation of macerals in Jurassic low metamorphic bituminous coal, in which the technology of electroflotation has remarkable advantages to separate the coal macerals of fine and ultra-fine particles. However, the mechanism of electroflotation separation coal macerals is not clear, and the corresponding control methods is difficult to establish, which due to the electroflotation technology is hard to breakthrough. Shenfu coal is a typical Jurassic low metamorphic bituminous coal with high inertinite content. Based on the study of electrochemical modification of the surface of macerals, this research targets the Shenfu Jurassic bituminous coal and focuses on the control method of electrolytic microbubbles, the selective mechanism of aluminum anode electrocoagulation, and the electroflotation separation method and its mechanism. Mainly findings of the research are as follows:

(1) Electrochemical oxidation and electrochemical reduction can effectively improve the difference of floatability of Shenfu vitrinite and inertinite. High purity vitrinite and inertinite separated by hand-picked and density gradient centrifugation separation were as research subjects, and the coal samples were modified by electrochemical oxidation and reduction in a diaphragm electrolyzer. The influence of modification on wettability, surface electrical behavior and stability of coal samples were researched. The results show that: after electrochemical reduction modification, the wettability of coal sample decreases, the zeta potential of coal particle surface shifts to the positive direction, and the aggregation decreases while the dispersity and stability increase; after electrochemical oxidation, the change of coal property is basically opposite; inertinite has stronger adhesion to aqueous solution, and the difference between inertinite and vitrinite increases after electrochemical modification.

(2) By controlling the electrochemical oxidation and reduction reaction, the content of hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of coal macerals can be changed, and the difference of floatability between vitrinite and inertinite can be regulated. In order to investigate the effects of electrochemical modification on the surface structure of coal macerals, the changes of surface structure of vitrinite and inertinite were investigated before and after modification by infrared spectroscopy. It is found that the electrochemical oxidation performance of vitrinite is better than that of inertinite, and inertinite is easier to be reduced. The content of oxygen-containing functional groups in coal is mainly changed by electrochemical modification, especially the content of -OH, -COOH, and other hydrophilic functional groups in coal decrease after electrochemical reduction, but increased after electrochemical oxidation.

(3) Bubble characteristics of electric flotation can be regulated by adjusting solution pH, voltage intensity and reaction time. In order to establish the bubble control method of electroflotation, the influence of the above factors on the size, concentration, floating velocity and surface electrical behavior of electrolytic hydrogen bubble and oxygen bubble were investigated by using high-speed dynamic camera system in an aluminum electroflotation capacitor. The results show that the aluminum electrode can obtain 20~100μm diameter bubbles, and the bubble concentration is larger. When the pH of the solution is acid or alkaline, the voltage intensity is larger or the reaction time is longer, the size of the electrolytic bubble is smaller and the bubble concentration is higher. The rising velocity and surface electronegativity of the bubble are directly related to the bubble size, and when the bubble size increases, the rising velocity and surface electronegativity of the bubble increase.

(4) In the process of electroflotation separation of coal macerals, the recovery rate of floating and the enrichment rate of macerals can be controlled by adjusting the bubble size and concentration. The influence of bubble size and concentration on the recovery rate of floating and the enrichment rate of vitrinite were investigated by using Shenfu raw coal as material. The results show that there is a linear correlation between the concentration of bubbles and the yield of floats, namely, the higher the concentration is, the higher the yield of floats is; the bubble size is linearly related to the content of vitrinite in floats; within the range of oxygen bubble size, the vitrinite content increases with the decrease of bubble size, while the opposite is true within the range of hydrogen bubble size.

(5) The selectivity of electrocoagulation to vitrinite and inertinite can be adjusted by the hydrolysis morphology and concentration of aluminum ions produced by aluminum anode electrolysis, and which can cause the promotion of the separation effect of coal macerals. Using aluminum electroflotation capacitor, the difference in electrocoagulation between vitrinite and inertinite was investigated by fractal dimension, sedimentation rate and stability. The results show that electrocoagulation has high selectivity for inertinite, which can effectively improve the sedimentation difference between vitrinite and inertinite. The selectivity of electrocoagulation can be enhanced by increasing the solution acidity, voltage intensity and reaction time.

(6) Based on the theoretical researches above, a series of electroflotation separation processes were designed and developed, and a new efficient separation method of Shenfu coal macerals was established. Using Shenfu raw coal as raw material, the methods of single-cell electroflotation and double-cell electroflotation separation of coal macerals were compared. It is found that the separation effect of double cell electro flotation with separate electrodes is better, and the flotation rate of cathode cell is faster than that of anode cell, but the recovery rate of vitrinite of flotation products from anode cell is higher. Macerals were separated by the technology of double cell in series with separate electrodes, and the comprehensive efficiency of flotation separation is up to 83.7% by the technology of cathode primary flotation and anode electrocoagulation. At this time, the recovery rate of vitrinite in the floating product is 86.7%, and the vitrinite content of the product is 91.3%; the recovery rates of the two precipitated products are 41.6% and 54.9% respectively, and the inertinite content of the product is 90.6% and 80.6%.

(7) The mechanism in the coal macerals separation by electroflotation of “Electrochemical Modification - Microbubble Regulation - Enhance with Selectivity of Electrocoagulation” was uncovered. The hydrogen free radicals produced by the reaction of water at the cathode can react with the surface of vitrinite to decrease the content of -OH and -COOH on the surface of vitrinite, leading to the increase of its hydrophobicity. In acidic system, vitrinite surface is positively charged, which makes it easy to mineralize with negatively charged electrolytic bubbles; while inertinite surface is more negatively charged, which leads to direct electro-oxidation reaction on anode plate through electrophoresis, resulting in the increase of surface oxygen-containing functional groups and hydrophilicity; the active aluminum ions produced by aluminum anode electrolysis hydrolyze to form cationic hydrate, whose selective adsorption of inertinite results in the enhancement of inertinite aggregation.

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