党的二十大报告指出“绿色发展”是实现人与自然和谐共生的根本路径，推动经济社会发展绿色化、低碳化也是实现高质量发展的关键环节。而在我国，城市作为碳减排的主要领域，城市的低碳发展与整个社会发展密不可分。因此，在“双碳”背景下，构建新的低碳城市评价指标体系，对低碳城市发展水平进行评价，不仅有助于深入剖析我国不同城市低碳发展特点，而且有助于探索出低碳城市未来发展路径，提出新的策略。本文在对低碳城市相关概念、内涵及低碳发展相关理论研究基础上，应用数据挖掘方法，对全国有代表性的低碳城市发展水平进行测度和综合分析，具有一定的研究意义。

本文具体工作及成果如下：

（1）基于数据挖掘构建低碳城市评价指标体系。本文基于数据挖掘，爬取低碳城市相关政策文件及其他信息，运用LDA主题模型深入挖掘文本结构，找到影响低碳城市发展水平的6大重点领域，根据数据挖掘出的6大领域，构建了以经济结构、能源结构、交通运输结构、生产方式、生活方式以及环境为一级指标和17个二级指标的城市低碳发展水平指标体系。

（2）使用投影寻踪评价算法对中国低碳城市发展水平进行评价。基于构建的指标体系，本文使用投影寻踪法对我国31个城市低碳发展水平进行评价，发现中国低碳城市发展水平可以分为四个梯队，低碳城市发展水平区域之间差异较大，东部、中部、西部低碳城市发展水平呈“阶梯式”降低，经济发达城市与欠发达城市间发展不平衡不充分矛盾尤为严重。

（3）通过层次聚类法对城市低碳发展水平进行分类。使用层次聚类分析城市指标数据特点，并据此将31个城市低碳发展类型分为了经济主导型城市、生产主导型城市、环境主导型城市和居民生活主导型城市四类城市。

（4）使用障碍度模型识别不同城市类型的限制因素。本文还通过障碍度模型计算指标的障碍度，深入地找出影响中国低碳城市发展的主要障碍因素。经济主导类城市准则层障碍度最高的是生产方式；生产主导类城市、环境主导类城市和居民生活主导类城市准则层障碍度最高的均为经济结构。并且针对分析出的问题提出相应的低碳发展对策措施。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "green development" is the fundamental path to achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and promoting green and low-carbon economic and social development is also a key link to achieve high-quality development. In China, cities are the main areas of carbon emission reduction, and the low-carbon development of cities is inseparable from the development of the entire society. Therefore, under the background of "dual carbon", the construction of a new low-carbon city evaluation index system and the evaluation of the development level of low-carbon cities will not only help to deeply analyze the characteristics of low-carbon development in different cities in China, but also help to explore the future development path of low-carbon cities and propose new strategies. Based on the research on the relevant concepts, connotations and theories related to low-carbon development, this paper applies data mining methods to measure and comprehensively analyze the development level of representative low-carbon cities in China, which has certain research significance.

The specific work and results of this paper are as follows:

(1) Build a low-carbon city evaluation index system based on data mining. Based on data mining, this paper crawls relevant policy documents and other information of low-carbon cities, uses the LDA theme model to dig deep into the text structure, finds six key areas affecting the development level of low-carbon cities, and constructs an urban low-carbon development level index system with economic structure, energy structure, transportation structure, production mode, lifestyle and environment as the first-level indicators and 17 second-level indicators according to the six major areas mined by the data.

(2) The projection tracing evaluation algorithm was used to evaluate the development level of low-carbon cities in China. Based on the constructed index system, this paper uses the projection tracing method to evaluate the low-carbon development level of 31 cities in China, and finds that the development level of low-carbon cities in China can be divided into four echelons, the development level of low-carbon cities varies greatly between regions, the development level of low-carbon cities in the east, central and western regions is "stepped" down, and the imbalance and insufficient development between economically developed cities and underdeveloped cities are particularly serious.

(3) Classify the low-carbon development level of cities through hierarchical clustering. Hierarchical clustering was used to analyze the characteristics of urban index data, and according to this, the 31 urban low-carbon development types were divided into four types of cities: economy-oriented cities, production-oriented cities, environment-oriented cities and residents' life-oriented cities.

(4) Use barrier models to identify constraints for different city types. This paper also calculates the obstacle degree of the index through the obstacle degree model, and deeply identifies the main obstacles affecting the development of low-carbon cities in China. The highest obstacle to the criterion layer of economically dominant cities is the production mode; Production-oriented cities, environment-oriented cities and residents' life-oriented cities have the highest degree of barriers to economic structure. And put forward corresponding low-carbon development countermeasures for the problems analyzed.

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