褐煤由于变质程度低、侧链及含氧基团较丰富等特点，很容易发生氧化自燃，严重制约着煤矿安全生产，高效预防或抑制煤自燃对我国褐煤等低阶煤的安全利用至关重要。根据微生物在煤炭领域的应用研究可发现，微生物可以对煤中官能团等活性结构产生破坏，这些微观层面的变化与煤氧化自燃特性紧密相关。因此，有必要开展微生物对煤氧化自燃特性及动力学影响规律的研究，这是煤炭生物领域及煤自燃绿色阻化的一种新探索，对现有煤自燃阻化技术的补充以及新型环保生物阻化剂的开发具有着重要的意义。本文以内蒙古胜利褐煤为研究对象，从煤源中分离并驯化微生物来处理褐煤，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM-EDS）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）以及同步热分析仪（TG-DSC），系统性地研究了微生物对煤微观结构以及氧化自燃特性的影响规律。主要结果如下所示：

（1）利用梯度稀释、平板划线以及分子测序等方法对褐煤煤源微生物进行了分离驯化及鉴定。结果表明，从煤源中共分离出7种微生物，依次被鉴定为烟管菌、焦曲霉菌、裂褶菌、产黄青霉菌、出芽短梗霉、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌以及佩氏葡萄球菌。经过驯化的微生物菌丝生长旺盛，菌落分散密实，最终利用驯化后的微生物对褐煤进行处理，成功制备出7种微生物处理煤样以及1组空白对照煤样。

（2）通过SEM-EDS与XRD实验，研究了煤样表面形貌、元素分布以及微晶结构的变化情况。结果表明，微生物处理后煤体表面结构层次加深，孔隙与裂隙结构增大，数量减小，煤中C元素含量变化较小，O元素含量有下降趋势。煤的XRD谱图表明煤中脂族结构减少，石墨化程度比原煤更低。微生物处理煤样的芳香层间距（d₀₀₂）增加，堆砌高度（L_c）和芳香片层数（M_c）减小，煤体微晶结构单元的堆叠程度减弱，芳香层片直径（L_a）与煤化度（P）也有所降低。微生物对煤的微晶结构产生了溶解作用，也表明微生物能破坏煤分子结构的脂肪侧链。

（3）通过FTIR实验，分析了微生物对煤中官能团以及结构参数的影响规律。结果表明，微生物对醚氢键（OH-O）有较强的破坏能力，焦曲霉菌处理煤样（ZJ-QUMJ）的减小率高达59.48%，煤中共轭C=O、羧酸等基团含量也均有减小。微生物对煤中含氧官能团与脂肪烃的破坏效果较大，含氧基团占比最大从原煤的21.73%降低至12.69%，而对煤中芳香烃占比的增加有促进作用，表现显著的是焦曲霉菌、烟管菌、产黄青霉菌以及佩氏葡萄球菌。此外，FTIR结构参数表明煤样的有机质含量增加，脂肪烃丰度降低，脂肪链长度变短，支链数量变多，含氧官能团丰度也得到了有效降低。

（4）通过TG-DSC实验，研究了煤样氧化过程中的热失重、热效应以及动力学参数。结果表明，微生物能够增加煤的临界温度（T₁），最高比原煤增加了37.89 ℃。微生物处理煤在氧化燃烧阶段的质量损失比重减小，烟管菌处理煤样（ZJ-YGJ）的质量损失从原煤的67.18%降低至56.75%，且最大失重速率值大幅降低，ZJ-YGJ较原煤减小41.31%。微生物处理煤样具有较高的吸热量，煤样放热阶段的最大放热峰值有所减小，但总热释放量无明显变化，DSC曲线上增加了第三放热峰，发生了热量补偿效用。ZJ-QUMJ等煤样的表观活化能较原煤增大，基于Bagchi法得出各煤样在氧化燃烧阶段的反应机理函数均符合Avrami-Erofeev方程，但反应级数发生了变化。

      综上所述，微生物对煤初始失重以及氧化燃烧阶段的影响较大，均具有抑制效果，在7种微生物中，烟管菌与焦曲霉菌对煤样氧化进程的抑制效果较佳，微生物对煤中含氧基团、脂肪侧链等活性结构的破坏，是导致煤氧化自燃性能减弱的根本原因。

Lignite was prone to oxidative spontaneous combustion due to its low metamorphic degree, rich side chains and oxygen-containing groups, which seriously restricted the safe production of coal mines. It is very important to prevent or inhibit coal spontaneous combustion effectively for the safe utilization of low-rank coals such as lignite in China. According to the application research of microorganisms in coal field, it can be found that microorganisms can destroy the active structures such as functional groups in coal, and these micro-level changes are closely related to the oxidation and spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal. Therefore, it was necessary to study the influence of microorganisms on the oxidation characteristics and kinetics of coal, which was a new exploration in the field of coal biology and the green inhibition of coal spontaneous combustion, and was of great significance to the supplement of the existing coal spontaneous combustion inhibition technology and the development of new environmental protection biological inhibitors. In this paper, Shengli lignite in Inner Mongolia was taken as the research object, and microorganisms were separated and domesticated from coal sources to treat lignite. By means of scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and synchronous thermal analyzer (TG-DSC), the effects of microorganisms on coal microstructure and oxidation spontaneous combustion characteristics were systematically studied. The main results are as follows:

（1）The microorganisms from lignite coal were isolated, domesticated and identified by gradient dilution, plate streaking and molecular sequencing. The results showed that seven kinds of microorganisms were isolated from coal source, which were identified as Bjerkandera adusta, Aspergillus ustus, Schizophyllum commune, Penicillium chrysogenum, Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus velezensis and Staphylococcus pettenkoferi in turn. Domesticated microbial hyphae grew vigorously and colonies dispersed densely. Finally, lignite was treated by domesticated microorganisms, and seven kinds of microbial treated coal samples and a group of blank control coal samples were successfully prepared.

（2）The changes of surface morphology, element distribution and microcrystalline structure of coal samples were studied by SEM-EDS and XRD experiments. The results showed that after microbial treatment, the surface structure of coal body deepened, the structure of pores and cracks increased, and the number decreased. The content of C element in coal changed little, and the content of O element decreased. The XRD spectrum of coal showed that the aliphatic structure in coal decreased and the graphitization degree was lower than that of raw coal. The spacing (d₀₀₂) between aromatic layers of coal samples treated by microorganisms increased, the stacking height (L_c) and the number of aromatic layers (M_c) decreased, the stacking degree of coal microcrystal structural units weakened, and the diameter (L_a) and coalification degree of aromatic layers also decreased. Microorganisms had dissolved the microcrystalline structure of coal, which also showed that microorganisms could destroy the fatty side chain of coal molecular structure.

（3）Through FTIR experiments, the influence of microorganisms on functional groups and structural parameters in coal was analyzed. The results showed that microorganisms had strong destructive ability to ether hydrogen bonds (OH-O), and the reduction rate of coal sample (ZJ-QUMJ) treated by Aspergillus ustus was as high as 59.48%, and the contents of conjugated C=O, carboxylic acid and other groups in coal were also reduced. Microbes had a great destructive effect on oxygen-containing functional groups and aliphatic hydrocarbons in coal, and the largest proportion of oxygen-containing groups decreased from 21.73% of raw coal to 12.69%, while it promoted the increase of aromatic hydrocarbons in coal. The above performances were obvious, such as Aspergillus ustus, Bjerkandera adusta, Penicillium chrysogenum and Staphylococcus pettenkoferi. In addition, FTIR structural parameters showed that the content of organic matter in coal samples increased, the abundance of aliphatic hydrocarbons decreased, the length of aliphatic chains became shorter, the number of branched chains increased, and the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups also decreased effectively.

（4）Through TG-DSC experiment, the thermal weight loss, thermal effect and kinetic parameters of coal sample during oxidation were studied. The results showed that microorganism could increase the critical temperature T₁ of coal, which was 37.89 ℃ higher than that of raw coal. The proportion of mass loss of coal treated by microorganism in the oxidation combustion stage was reduced. The mass loss of coal sample treated by Bjerkandera adusta (ZJ-YGJ) was reduced from 67.18% to 56.75% of that of raw coal, and the maximum weight loss rate was greatly reduced. ZJ-YGJ was 41.31% lower than that of raw coal. Microbial treatment of coal samples had higher heat absorption, and the maximum heat release peak of coal samples was reduced, but the total heat release did not change significantly. The third heat release peak was added to the DSC curve, and the heat compensation effect occurred. The apparent activation energy of ZJ-QUMJ and other coal samples was higher than that of raw coal. Based on Bagchi method, the reaction mechanism function of each coal sample in the oxidation combustion stage was in accordance with Avrami-Erofeev equation, but the reaction order changed.

To sum up, microorganisms had a great influence on the initial weight loss of coal and the oxidation combustion stage, and both of them had inhibitory effects. Among the seven kinds of microorganisms, the Bjerkandera adusta and Aspergillus ustus had better inhibition effect on the oxidation process of coal samples, and the destruction of active structures such as oxygen-containing groups and fatty side chains in coal by microorganisms was the fundamental reason for the weakening of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion performance.

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