西部地区作为我国重要的能源战略储备地，煤炭资源储量丰富，但是其中90%左右的煤质为变质程度较低的烟煤，且所开采煤层的自燃倾向性绝大部分为自燃或者易自燃煤层。在其下层工作面开采过程中，通常采用探水和疏水措施来防治采空区积水水害，这样易形成漏风供氧通道，使遗煤长久处于浸水状况，导致煤体发生变化，从而加大采空区浮煤氧化自燃危险性，容易引起采空区内遗煤的自燃。 为了掌握水浸烟煤自燃机理，本文以西部典型矿区烟煤煤样为主要研究对象，采用实验研究与理论分析相结合的方法，对原始烟煤煤样与浸水干燥烟煤煤样在低温氧化过程中微观物理结构和化学结构进行综合实验研究，探究水浸烟煤自燃微观机理，对阻化及有效防治技术的研究具有重要的理论指导意义。 借助工业分析实验、扫描电镜实验及比表面积测定实验等，分析了煤样的比表面积、总孔容和平均孔径与煤样自身变质程度之间的关系，研究了原始煤样和水浸干燥后煤样的微观表面物理结构，结果表明：水浸干燥后的烟煤其表面的孔隙和裂隙结构增大且数量明显增多，总孔容与比表面积相似较原始烟煤煤样均有减小，平均孔径增大，孔隙和裂隙连通性更好，有利于对氧气的吸附，加大了烟煤的氧化自燃性。 通过XRD衍射实验，研究在三种不同实验条件下的原始烟煤和浸水干燥烟煤煤分子中的微观晶体结构特征的变化规律，得出煤的变质程度、不同氧化温度和煤样本身粒度对水浸烟煤芳香微观晶体结构变化的影响规律。 采用FTIR红外光谱实验，对原始烟煤及水浸干燥烟煤进行不同变质程度和不同氧化温度的红外光谱特征分析研究，结果表明：煤分子中含量最大官能团的是含氧官能团，其次是脂肪烃和羟基，含量最小的官能团是芳香烃；在低温氧化过程的前期，水浸煤煤分子中的芳香核结构相对比较稳定，基本不参与复合反应，而脂肪烃和含氧官能团的反应活性较强，其中的甲基、亚甲基、羧基、醚键和芳香醚氧键容易与氧发生复合反应，这些基团可能是煤氧复合发生自燃的诱导因素，导致煤样自燃的主要活性基团。

ABSTRACT Western China as an important strategic energy reserves has rich coal resources, but where coal is about 90% lower rank bituminous coal, and the vast majority of the coal seam spontaneous combustion tendency to self-ignition or spontaneous combustion seam. In the mining process in the lower face, usually adopt water exploration and hydrophobic measures to combat the formation of goaf water damage. This is very easy to form a leakage and oxygen supply channel, and long-term coal left in soaking conditions, leading to changes in the coal. Thereby increasing the float coal goaf spontaneous combustion risk of oxidation that causes goaf area spontaneous combustion of residual coal. In order to grasp the spontaneous combustion of soaked bitumite, in this paper, the typical western bituminous coal mining as the main object of study samples, using experimental and theoretical studies on the method of combining to study the microstructure variation of soaked bitumite on low temperature oxidation process, exploring the microscopic mechanism of spontaneous combustion flooding bituminous coal, which is of great theoretical significance of their resistance and effective control technology research. By industrial analysis experiment, scanning electron microscopy experiments and the specific surface area measurement experiments, analyzed the relationship among the degree of metamorphism and coal surface area, total pore volume, average pore size. studied the microscopic surface physical structure of original bituminous and soaked bitumite. The results showed that: bituminous coal drying after flooding its pore structure and fracture surface increases and the number increased significantly, total pore volume and surface area similar to more primitive bituminous coal are reduced, increasing the average pore diameter, pore and fracture connectivity better, it is conducive to the adsorption of oxygen, increased oxidative bituminous coal spontaneous combustion. By FTIR infrared spectroscopy experiments at different ranks and different experimental conditions of oxidation temperature, analyzed the infrared spectrum characteristics of original bituminous and soaked bitumite. The results show that: the coal molecule content of the largest functional groups are oxygen-containing functional groups, followed by aliphatic hydrocarbons and hydroxyl content of the smallest functional group is aromatic; in the early low-temperature oxidation process, flooding coal coal molecule aromatic nucleus structure is relatively stable basically does not participate in complex reaction, and the reaction, aliphatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups of strong activity, in which a methyl group, methylene group, a carboxyl group, an ether bond and an aromatic ether oxygen bond easily with oxygen complex reaction, these groups may be inducing factors of coal spontaneous combustion oxygen recombination, resulting in spontaneous combustion of coal the main active groups.