膏体充填开采法能够解决采矿带来的地表塌陷和土壤污染等问题，是实现绿色矿山的重要一环。然而，管道系统的堵塞问题却成为影响其高效运行的一大挑战，这会造成严重的环境污染与巨大经济损失。因此，充填管道的堵塞检测对于推动绿色矿山建设，提高采矿生产效率，减少经济损失，降低采矿安全风险具有重要的实际意义。本研究将电阻层析成像（Electrical Resistance Tomography，ERT）技术应用于矿山充填管道的堵塞检测和流速测量中，做了如下工作：

（1）针对传统三维图像重建算法实时性差、成像精度低等问题，提出了一种基于信赖域的BFGS三维图像重建算法。该算法在BFGS算法的基础上，采用限制内存的迭代方法减少数据存储空间，利用双循环算法确定搜索方向，通过融合线搜索和信赖域的方法确定迭代步长，充分发挥了线搜索的精确性与信赖域法的稳健性，有效提高了三维ERT图像重建的质量。仿真结果表明，与高斯-牛顿（G-N）法、共轭梯度（CG）法和L-BFGS三种图像重建算法相比，所提算法性能表现优越，其中平均耗时减小了26.62%，图像相关系数提高了8.12%，相对误差减小了7.28%。

（2）针对现有ERT数据采集装置只能用于二维数据采集的不足，自主研发了三维ERT数据采集节点。该节点由传感器单元和数据采集单元两部分组成。传感器单元采用三层48电极的设计，选用双极性脉冲电流作为激励源。数据采集单元采用ADG1404多路模拟开关控制采集层数，结合AD7606和STM32F103实现对48通道的数据采集。通过对敏感场信号采集测试，所设计的三维ERT数据采集节点展现出了优异的通道稳定性和一致性。静态图像重建实验结果显示，该数据采集节点能够准确地对敏感场介质进行成像，成像位置和大小与实际介质分布高度一致。

（3）为验证所提算法以及三维ERT数据采集装置对于充填管道堵塞成像的可行性，设计了一套矿山充填管道三维可视化系统。该系统基于重力自流式“L”型充填管道检测平台，利用组态王软件对充填管道进行三维可视化显示，并实时监测管道流速。平台搭载有三维ERT无线传感器节点和流速仪，模拟实际充填管道输送过程。提出了一种基于ERT的相关法测速新方法，利用系统实验平台，进行了堵塞检测实验以及相关法测速实验。实验结果表明，所研发的三维ERT系统能够有效检测矿山管道的堵塞情况，ERT相关速测法能够较为准确的反映管道流速变化，从而预警管道堵塞情况。

本研究针对矿山管道堵塞检测问题，提出了一种高性能的三维ERT图像重建算法，设计了有效的堵塞检测装置和三维可视化系统。通过实验证明了ERT技术在矿山管道检测中具有广阔的应用前景。

Paste filling mining method can solve the problems of surface collapse and soil pollution caused by mining, which is an important part of realizing green mines. However, the clogging problem of the pipeline system has become a major challenge affecting its efficient operation, which can cause serious environmental pollution and huge economic losses. Therefore, clogging detection of filling pipelines is of great practical significance to promote the construction of green mines, improve mining productivity, reduce economic losses, and minimize mining safety risks. In this study, Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) technology is applied to the clogging detection and flow rate measurement of filling pipes in mines, and the following work is done:

(1) Aiming at the problems of poor real-time and low imaging accuracy of traditional 3D image reconstruction algorithms, a BFGS 3D image reconstruction algorithm based on the trust domain is proposed. Based on the BFGS algorithm, this algorithm adopts the iterative method of limiting memory to reduce the data storage space, utilizes the double-loop algorithm to determine the search direction, and determines the iteration step size by fusing the line search and the trust domain method, which gives full play to the accuracy of the line search and the robustness of the trust domain method, and effectively improves the quality of 3D ERT image reconstruction. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has superior performance compared with three image reconstruction algorithms, namely, Gauss-Newton (G-N) method, conjugate gradient (CG) method and L-BFGS, in which the average elapsed time is reduced by 26.62%, the image correlation coefficient is improved by 8.12%, and the relative error is reduced by 7.28%.

(2) Aiming at the inadequacy of the existing ERT data acquisition device which can only be used for two-dimensional data acquisition, a three-dimensional ERT data acquisition node is independently developed. The node consists of two parts: the sensor unit and the data acquisition unit. The sensor unit adopts a three-layer 48-electrode design and selects bipolar pulse current as the excitation source. The data acquisition unit adopts ADG1404 multiple analog switches to control the number of acquisition layers, and combines AD7606 and STM32F103 to realize the data acquisition of 48 channels. The designed 3DERT data acquisition node demonstrates excellent channel stability and consistency through the sensitive field signal acquisition test. The static image reconstruction experimental results show that the data acquisition node is able to accurately image the sensitive field medium, and the imaging position and size are highly consistent with the actual medium distribution.

(3) In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm and 3D ERT data acquisition device for the blockage imaging of the filling pipeline, a three-dimensional visualization system for mine filling pipeline was designed. The system is based on the gravity self-flow “L” type filling pipeline detection platform, using the configuration king software to visualize the filling pipeline in three dimensions, and real-time monitoring of the pipeline flow rate. The platform is equipped with 3D ERT wireless sensor nodes and flow rate meters to simulate the actual filling pipeline transportation process. A new ERT-based correlation method speed measurement method is proposed, and the blockage detection experiments and correlation method speed measurement experiments are carried out using the system experimental platform. The experimental results show that the developed three-dimensional ERT system can effectively detect the clogging situation of mine pipelines, and the ERT correlation velocimetry method can more accurately reflect the change of pipeline flow rate, so as to provide early warning of pipeline clogging.

In this study, a high-performance 3D ERT image reconstruction algorithm is proposed for the clogging detection problem of mine pipelines, and an effective clogging detection device and 3D visualization system are designed. The experiment proves that ERT technology has a broad application prospect in mine pipeline detection.

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