为探究寒区不同含水状态下的岩土工程在冻融与荷载作用下的变形稳定问题，取陕西某地的红、白砂岩作为研究对象，开展了研究工作，旨在为科学评价寒区冻融环境下岩体工程的长期稳定性提供理论依据。对自然含水（20%）、不完全饱水（70%）和完全饱水（100%）的两种砂岩进行冻融循环试验、电镜扫描试验、冻融过程中的CT扫描试验、冻融后的单轴压缩试验。探究冻融环境对两种砂岩的细观结构、宏观物理特征和宏观力学指标的作用，定义冻融损伤变量并建立损伤演化曲线，建立宏观力学强度与细观结构参数的联系，对比分析冻融次数、饱和度对两种砂岩冻融损伤劣化机制的影响，主要研究内容和创新成果如下：

（1）揭示了不同饱和度两种砂岩的冻融损伤特性。对于不同饱和度的两种砂岩，分别进行0、7、14、30、60、90、120及150次的冻融循环试验，在冻融循环试验的基础上，完成了岩石的电镜扫描试验，探究了整个冻融过程中岩石的冻融破坏模式、质量、波速及冻融损伤变量的变化特点。结果表明：冻融作用下饱和度大小决定了岩样冻融损伤的程度，完全饱水砂岩损伤劣化最为剧烈，自然含水状态损伤程度最低，白砂岩冻融损伤较红砂岩严重，尤其完全饱水白砂岩依次出现端部掉落、横向断裂；饱和度越大，岩样质量、波速的降低速率与冻融损伤变量的增长速率越快，变化幅度与饱和度大小成正相关；白砂岩物理量和冻融损伤变量的变化普遍大于红砂岩，除完全饱水白砂岩的冻融损伤变量呈指数型变化之外，其它饱和度岩样均为直线型变化；并总结了岩石内部细观结构的差异加剧了其冻融损伤程度。

（2）探究了三种饱和度冻融岩石的细观结构损伤演化特征。基于不同饱和度两种砂岩的冻融循环试验，完成了相应饱和度、冻融次数下的高精度CT扫描试验，结合三维可视化技术、等效球体法及分形理论，对冻融过程中自然含水、不完全饱水和完全饱水的两种砂岩中心立方体区域的孔隙率、渗透率、孔隙参数、喉道参数、分形维数及细观损伤增量等细观结构参数进行了定量分析。结果表明：冻融作用促进了岩石内部细观结构的演化，岩样细观结构参数的增长速率与其饱和度大小成正比；白砂岩的细观参数均快于红砂岩，相较于其它饱和度岩样呈直线增加，完全饱水白砂岩增长最快为呈指数型，相比于红砂岩，白砂岩细观结构参数变化明显，孔隙通过喉道相互连通的空间占有能力强，具有明显的渗透能力；岩石冻融损伤主要为原孔隙尺寸增大再破裂为小孔隙和原喉道长度增加；红砂岩分形维数介于2.18 ~ 2.25之间，白砂岩分形分形维数介于2.46 ~ 2.54之间，分形可定量表述岩体内部结构损伤演化发展的动态过程及规律；岩体组成成分和骨架结构密实程度造成细观结构冻融损伤差异。

（3）研究不同饱和度冻融岩样的力学特性，并建立宏观力学强度与细观结构参数的联系。同样基于不同饱和度的两种砂岩的冻融循环试验，完成了相应饱和度、冻融次数下的单轴压缩试验，揭示了冻融与荷载双重作用下，不同饱和度两种岩石的损伤破坏模式、宏观力学特性及宏细观之间的联系。试验结果表明：冻融与荷载双重作用下，红砂岩冻融荷载损伤破坏模式主要为脆性破坏，白砂岩主要为剪切破坏并表现出良好的塑性和延展性；两种砂岩强度、弹性模量随冻融次数增加均呈直线型降低，150次冻融后，完全饱水红砂岩强度下降了16.84%，分别是自然含水、不完全饱水状态的4.36和2.38倍，完全饱水白砂岩强度下降了98.53%，分别是自然含水、不完全饱水的1.68和1.26倍；不同饱和度两种砂岩单轴抗压强度与孔隙率、分形维数均成负相关，与其宏观物理量、宏观力学指标随冻融次数的变化规律基本一致；岩石细观结构变化诱发其宏观力学性能劣化，细观结构是影响其宏观力学特性的关键。

In order to investigate the deformation stability of geotechnical engineering under freeze-thaw and load in different water-bearing states in cold regions, red and white sandstones from a place in Shaanxi Province were taken as the research objects, and research work was carried out with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for scientific evaluation of the long-term stability of rock engineering under freeze-thaw environment in cold regions. Freeze-thaw cycling tests, electron microscope scanning tests, CT scanning tests during freeze-thaw, and uniaxial compression tests after freeze-thaw were conducted on two sandstones with natural water content (20%), incomplete water saturation (70%) and complete water saturation (100%). To investigate the role of freeze-thaw environment on the fine structure, macroscopic physical characteristics and macroscopic mechanical indices of the two sandstones, to define freeze-thaw damage variables and establish damage evolution curves, to establish the link between macroscopic mechanical strength and fine structural parameters, and to compare and analyze the effects of freeze-thaw times and saturation on the deterioration mechanism of freeze-thaw damage of the two sandstones, the main research contents and innovative results are as follows.

(1) The freeze-thaw damage characteristics of two sandstones with different saturations were revealed. Based on the freeze-thaw cycling tests, electron microscope scanning tests were completed to investigate the freeze-thaw damage pattern, mass, wave velocity and variables of freeze-thaw damage during the whole freeze-thaw process. The results show that: the degree of saturation under the freeze-thaw action determines the degree of freeze-thaw damage of rock samples, and the deterioration of damage is the most intense in fully saturated sandstone, and the degree of damage is the lowest in the natural water-bearing state, and the freeze-thaw damage of white sandstone is more serious than that of red sandstone, especially the fully saturated white sandstone has end drop and lateral fracture in order. The greater the degree of saturation, the faster the rate of reduction of rock sample mass and wave velocity and the growth rate of freeze-thaw damage variables, and the magnitude of change is positively correlated with the size of saturation. The changes of physical quantity and freeze-thaw damage variables of white sandstone are generally larger than those of red sandstone, except for the exponential changes of freeze-thaw damage variables of fully saturated white sandstone, all other saturated rock samples have linear changes. It is also concluded that the differences in the internal fine structure of the rocks exacerbate the degree of freeze-thaw damage.

(2) The fine structure damage evolution characteristics of freeze-thaw rocks with three saturations were investigated. Based on the freeze-thaw cycles of two sandstones with different saturations, high-precision CT scan tests were completed with corresponding saturations and freeze-thaw times, and the fine structural parameters such as porosity, permeability, pore parameters, throat parameters, fractal dimension and fine damage increment of the central cubic region of two sandstones with natural water content, incomplete water saturation and complete water saturation during freeze-thaw were quantitatively analyzed by combining 3D visualization techniques, equivalent sphere method and fractal theory. The results show that: the freeze-thaw action promotes the evolution of the fine structure inside the rock, and the growth rate of the fine structure parameters of the rock samples is proportional to their saturation magnitude. The fine structure parameters of white sandstone are faster than those of red sandstone, and increase linearly compared with other saturated rock samples, and the growth of fully saturated white sandstone is exponentially the fastest, compared with red sandstone, the fine structure parameters of white sandstone change significantly, and the pores are interconnected through the throat with strong space occupancy and obvious permeability. The freeze-thaw damage is mainly due to the increase of the original pore size and then rupture into small pores and the increase of the original throat length. The fractal dimension of red sandstone ranges from 2.18 to 2.25, and the fractal dimension of white sandstone ranges from 2.46 to 2.54. The fractal can quantify the dynamic process and law of the evolution of structural damage inside the rock body. The composition of the rock mass and the denseness of the skeletal structure cause differences in the fine structure freeze-thaw damage.

(3) To study the mechanical properties of freeze-thaw rock samples with different saturations and to establish the link between macro-mechanical strength and fine structural parameters. Based on the freeze-thaw cycling tests of two sandstones with different saturations, the uniaxial compression tests with corresponding saturations and freeze-thaw times were completed to reveal the damage damage modes, macro-mechanical properties and macro-fine connections between the two rocks with different saturations under the dual action of freeze-thaw and load. The test results show that the freeze-thaw damage damage mode of red sandstone is mainly brittle damage, while that of white sandstone is mainly shear damage and shows good plasticity and ductility under both freeze-thaw and load. The strength and modulus of elasticity of both sandstones decreased linearly with the increase of freeze-thawing times, and after 150 freeze-thaws, the strength of fully saturated red sandstone decreased by 16.84%, which was 4.36 and 2.38 times of that of natural water and incomplete water, respectively, and the strength of fully saturated white sandstone decreased by 98.53%, which was 1.68 and 1.26 times of that of natural water and incomplete water, respectively. The uniaxial compressive strengths of the two sandstones with different saturations were negatively correlated with porosity and fractal dimension, which were basically consistent with their macroscopic physical quantities and macroscopic mechanical indices with the number of freeze-thaws. The changes of the fine structure of the rocks induced the deterioration of their macroscopic mechanical properties, and the fine structure was the key to influence their macroscopic mechanical properties.

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