随着可持续发展和绿色建筑理念的兴起，窑洞建筑又重新得到了社会的认可和重视。窑洞建筑是一种冬暖夏凉、绿色、环保、无污染、低能耗的建筑形式。它的的推广、应用对于解决我国当前能源、环境问题，都具有重大的现实意义。 本文以黄土靠崖式窑洞为主要研究对象。在对窑洞建筑体系进行理论分析的基础上，对它的历史沿革、地域分布、建造分类等方面进行了归纳总结，并针对陕北、山西等地现有窑洞建筑的状况进行了实地调研，采用了问卷调查和实地测量相结合的方法，对窑洞的存在形式、结构破坏规律和室内热环境进行了模拟、实测、比对的认真研究，得到了窑洞的三种存在形式和四种灾害类型。 为了更深入的研究，本文选取山西当地窑洞土质参数和结构尺寸，并利用迈达斯（MIDAS/GTS）软件建立有限元模型进行分析研究。对窑洞开挖过程、几何尺寸、埋深和有无衬砌等不同结构状态进行模拟计算，从位移场和塑性区两方面来分析影响窑洞稳定的因素。计算结果表明：①窑洞开挖到窑深1/3时，位移值和最大塑性应变值增量达到全程的50%；窑洞的竖向位移危险点常出现在窑洞底板中部和拱顶，水平位移最大值常出现在窑腿中部两侧；窑洞的塑性区最早出现在窑洞两侧边的直壁部分和拱脚区域，说明它也是窑洞最易破坏的部位。②通过对窑洞几何尺寸的探讨，发现窑洞跨度和直壁高度的增大，引起位移和最大塑性应变值正比增加，跨度的变化对整个结构稳定性至关重要。③窑顶上部的覆土厚度是影响窑洞稳定性的重要因素，计算得出它的最大值不应超过8米为佳；而当对窑洞做衬砌处理后，安全性显著提高，是一种必要的加固措施，应该推广应用。 为了进一步探索窑洞建筑室内热环境的优劣性。本文以山西子谏村黄土窑洞为例，对它的室内热环境进行现场测试比对分析。结果证明：土窑洞的夏季室内空气温度在23.9℃~27.5℃之间，满足《室内空气质量标准》的规定22℃~28℃，因而人体的热舒适感觉良好；而室内相对湿度的变化幅度在60%~75%，超过规范规定的45%~65%，湿度偏大，人体感觉阴冷,故提出了去湿的具体改进措施。 综上所述：窑洞建筑不仅具有安全可靠的结构形式，且是节能节地的低能耗建筑形式，值得大力推广应用，有广阔的发展前景。

With the spring up of Green and sustainable developmental, Cave has been concerned by people again. It possess super-performance of warm in winter and cool in summer, green environmental-protective, pollution-free. Being spread and applied has great theoretical and practical significance to resolve the recent energy crisis and environment problems. This paper chooses losses cave on the cliff as the study object. Based on theoretical analyses of cave building system, this paper summarizes its History evolution, Regional Distribution and classification. Surveying cave dwelling in Shanbei, Shanxi though combinational methods of questionnaire survey and on-site measurement. Through simulation, measurement and comparison of its existence，failure law, indoor thermal environment be carefully studied, three existing forms and four kinds of failure of cave has been proved. In order to make the research in-depth, this thesis takes the loess cave in Shanxi as an example, creating three dimensional model by MIDAS/GTS through site and selection of soil parameter. According to excavation process, cave sizes, depth and lining as the project's reference discuss stability of cave through displacement field and plastic zone. The results shown that in excavation process, digging into the kiln deep 1 / 3,the increment of displacement and maximum plastic strain can reach 50%.The Dangerous point of vertical displacement appeared at the central baseboards and cave top.the maximum horizontal displacement appeared at both sides of cave ,and plastic zone appeared at both straight wall and side arch-foot. Thus infer that these positions were damaged earlier. Discussion on the geometric size, discovery that with the increase of span-length and height, the displacement and plastic strain would be increased, and the span-length is the first facts. Landfill cover is also an important elements to cave stability, and it is no more than 8 m in general conditions. And after doing lining on cave, the security can be significantly improved, so do lining should be a necessary measure. To further explore the thermal environment quality of cave dwelling. This paper take the loess cave of Zijian village in Shanxi Province as an example to test and analysis its indoor thermal environment .It demonstrated the indoor temperature is between 23.9 and 27.5 degrees in the summer that can satisfy the 22 to 28 degrees rules of indoor air quality standards, so the human body have a good thermal comfort. But the indoor relative humidity ranges from 60 form 75 percents, beyond the 45 to 65 percents of the standard’s rules ,its too humid and human body feels cold, so to put forward the specific improvement measures to wipe out humidity. To sum up: the cave building is not only safe and reliable structure, but also the low energy building of energy-saving and land-saving ,it is worth to promote applications, there are broad prospects for development.