目前煤矿防灭火材料（如惰性气体、阻化剂）在防治内因火灾中起到十分重要作用，但也有着自身不可避免的局限性，难以满足未来人们对煤矿防灭火材料提出的更高要求。其中，采用灌浆材料灭火时所需注入量很大，后期排水排污工作难度高；惰性气体对火区的漏风量有较高的条件；阻化剂以粉末状态注入火区时难以均匀分布在煤体表面，以其水溶液注入时则易流失。本文研究了以三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为囊材的微胶囊化聚磷酸铵防灭火性能，为其现场应用提供依据，同时也为防灭火材料的研究提供了一个新的方向。 通过扫描电镜、热同步分析、傅里叶红外光谱等实验，表征了微胶囊材料的表面形貌和粒径，测试了微胶囊材料的吸湿率、官能团及热分解过程，分析了微胶囊材料的抑制作用，实验结果表明：微胶囊材料在湿度为85%-95%的空气条件下的吸湿率仅为3.56%，粒径不大于20μm，分解温度为151.1℃。 通过傅里叶红外光谱实验，研究了在升温过程中微胶囊材料对煤分子活性官能团的影响，微胶囊材料能够降低煤体羟基、脂肪烃数量，加强芳香烃骨架上的侧链、含氧官能团和各类不稳定环烃的稳定性和甲氧基中的-CH3/-CH2-稳定性，延缓煤氧化升温进程。 通过同步热分析实验，研究了微胶囊材料对煤体特征温度、放热量等参数的影响规律，结果表明：微胶囊材料可以有效提高煤体的着火温度、最大失重速率温度、最大放热速率温度，减小煤样的失重率、失重速率、放热速率、放热量，增加煤样吸热量；在同种煤样中，煤与微胶囊材料质量比为4:1时，对煤样氧化过程的阻化效果最好。 通过构建高温燃烧煤堆实验台，研究微胶囊材料的灭火性能，结果表明：微胶囊材料使用浓度为718.4g/m2时，微胶囊材料灭火时间最短，煤体表面降温速率最大，对煤体的灭火效果最好；在使用量相同时，与水相比，胶囊材料灭火时间更短，煤堆表面降温速率更大，其灭火效果更好。

Coal mine fire extinguishing materials (e.g. inactive gas, inhibitor) play a great role in restraining the internal fire at present, but there are also their own limitations. Those materials are difficult to meet the higher requirements of people in the future for coal mine firefighting materials. For example, the injection volume of grouting material is large and it is difficult to drainage and discharge at later stage. The requirement of inactive gas on fire area is high. When inhibitor is injected into fire area, on the coal surface, its pulverulence is difficulty to be uniformly distributed and its aqueous solution is easy to lose. In this paper, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is used as core material and melamine formaldehyde resin is used as wall material to make microcapsule extinguishing material by microcapsule technology. This paper has studied the fire prevention and extinguishing performance of this material. It provides a basis for field application of this material, and also provides a new direction for the research of fire prevention and extinguishing materials. By means of scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis experiment, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiment, this paper characterized the surface characteristics and particle size of microcapsule material, testing moisture absorption, functional groups and decomposition process of microcapsule material, and analysising the inhibition mechanism of microcapsule material. The experimental results showed that the moisture absorption rate of the microcapsule material under the air of 85%-95% humidity is only 3.56%, the particle size is less than 20μm, and the decomposition temperature is 151.1℃. The effect of microcapsule materials on the active functional groups of coal molecules was investigated in the process of temperature rise by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Microcapsule material can not only reduce the quantity of hydroxyl and aliphatic hydrocarbons in coal, but also strengthen the stability of side chain, oxygen functional groups and all kinds of unstable ring of aromatic hydrocarbons and -CH3/-CH2- of methoxy. This postpones the heating process of coal oxidation. The effect of microcapsule material on coal oxidation parameters, such as coal characteristic temperature and heat quantity, was studied by synchronous thermal analysis. The results showed that microcapsule material can effectively improve the ignition temperature, the temperature of maximum weight loss rate and the temperature of maximum heat release rate in the process of coal combustion, reducing weight loss, weight loss rate, heat release rate and heat release, and increasing coal heat absorption. In the same coal sample, when the mass ratio of coal and microcapsule material is 4:1, the effect of microcapsule material on coal oxidation process is the best. The fire extinguishing performance of microcapsule materials was studied by experiment of inhibitory action of microcapsule material on coal spontaneous combustion. The results showed that, when the application concentration of microcapsule material ,as fire extinguishing material, is 718.4 g/m2, the quenching time is shortest, the average cooling rate is larger and the overall inhibition effect is best. Under the same coal sample and the same application amount, compared with water, the quenching time of microcapsule materials is shorter, the average cooling rate is larger and the overall inhibition effect is better.