随着我国煤炭开采深度的增加，矿用运输机使用的胶带长度也随之增长。在操作过程中，因为机械伤害和摩擦可能导致胶带燃烧，进而造成运输机的胶带发生火灾事故。如果运输机遭遇火灾，烟气有可能在巷道内迅速扩散，引发逆流现象，从而导致严重的后果。因此，深入探究矿用运输机胶带火灾在不同因素影响下的逆流现象，将为矿井火灾救援在灾变条件下提供关键的理论依据和决策建议。

本文针对井下矿用运输机胶带巷中发生的火灾，以目前最普遍应用的塑料整芯阻燃运输带（PVC运输机胶带）和橡胶面整芯阻燃运输带（PVG运输机胶带）为研究对象，研究了不同运输机胶带的燃烧特性，进而采用缩小比例相似试验台和数值模拟相结合的研究方法，探究了胶带火灾发生后的烟气逆流特性及影响烟气逆流的影响因素。取得以下结果：

基于锥形量热仪实验，探究了不同辐射热强度作用下，PVC、PVG运输机胶带的燃烧特性。研究结果显示运输机胶带热释放速率和烟生成速率随燃烧时间呈现先增大后减小的规律。两种胶带的总释放热量和总烟气产生量的变化趋势均是先快速增长，后缓慢增长。发现外加辐射热强度与热释放速率、总热释放量、烟生成速率和总烟气产量呈正比关系。同时，PVC胶带的总释热量和总烟气产量均大于PVG运输胶带。

基于矿井巷道实际尺寸，搭建了缩小比例相似试验台。结合锥形量热仪实验的燃烧特性，分析了巷道胶带火灾发生后的温度场分布，研究了烟气蔓延规律和形变过程，进而明确风速对胶带火灾烟气逆流层长度的影响。研究结果显示PVC与PVG运输机胶带在全巷道各位置上烟气温度变化趋势基本一致，都是先逐渐升高到最高点，之后慢慢降低。两种胶带燃烧时烟气逆流层长度均随风速的增加而线性减小。监测点温度和烟气层逆流长度实验结果显示当风速为1.67 m/s时，试验工况下PVC运输胶带的烟气逆流层长度为0，即PVC运输胶带的止逆临界风速为1.67 m/s，而PVG运输胶带的止逆临界风速为1.65 m/s。

采用FDS模拟软件搭建了一个与实际胶带运输通道尺寸一致的工况模型，基于缩小尺寸相似试验台的测试结果，构建了该模拟运输通道工况下的烟气层参数与运输通道风速、火源特性及巷道几何构造间的相关性模型。基于构建的模型，通过模拟计算的结果分析了不同风速、不同倾斜角度和不同火源功率的巷道中，胶带火灾产生的烟气逆流特性。模拟结果显示水平巷道内，风速与烟气逆流层长度呈反比。并且判断此条件下烟气止逆临界风速在1.4 m/s至1.8 m/s之间。通过对比不同倾斜角度巷道，发现倾斜角度越大，逆流层长度越小的规律。0°和10°倾斜的巷道烟气止逆临界风速低于1.4 m/s；20°巷道烟气逆流程度处于临界状态，可判断20°巷道的止逆临界风速约为1.4 m/s。在同一风速条件下，火源功率与烟气逆流层长度呈正比，且得到水平巷道内火源功率或风速作为变量时与烟气逆流长度存在对数关系。

As the length of conveyor belts used in Chinese mines increases year by year, the risk of fire incidents due to mechanical damage and friction, leading to belt slippage, also increases. Improper handling of such incidents can endanger the safety of workers and trigger explosions or other safety issues. If a fire occurs on a conveyor, the smoke can rapidly spread within the tunnel, causing backflow, which can lead to severe consequences. Therefore, a deep investigation into the backflow phenomena of mine conveyor belt fires under various influencing factors is crucial for providing theoretical foundations and decision-making advice for mine fire rescue under disaster conditions.

This paper focuses on fires occurring in underground mine conveyor belts, specifically examining PVC and PVG conveyor belts, which are most commonly used. It combines scaled-down experimental setups and numerical simulations to study the combustion characteristics of different conveyor belts and the characteristics of smoke backflow following a fire, as well as the factors influencing this backflow. The findings are as follows:

Based on cone calorimeter experiments, the study examined the combustion characteristics of PVC and PVG conveyor belts under different radiant heat intensities. The results showed that both the heat release rate and the smoke production rate of the conveyor belts increased initially and then decreased over time. The overall heat release and total smoke production exhibited a trend of rapid growth followed by slower increases. It was found that the external radiant heat intensity was directly proportional to the heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, and total smoke volume, with PVC belts generating more total heat and smoke than PVG belts.

A scaled-down experimental setup was constructed based on the actual dimensions of mine tunnels. Using the combustion characteristics from the cone calorimeter experiments, the temperature field distribution after a belt fire in a tunnel was analyzed, along with the spread and deformation process of the smoke. The impact of wind speed on the length of the smoke backflow layer was clarified. Results indicated that the smoke temperature trends at various positions along the entire tunnel were consistent for both PVC and PVG belts, rising to a peak before gradually decreasing. The length of the smoke backflow layer decreased linearly with increasing wind speed for both types of belts. Experimental results of the temperature at monitoring points and the smoke layer backflow length showed that at a wind speed of 1.67m/s, the smoke backflow layer length for the PVC belt was zero, indicating a critical wind speed of 1.67m/s for PVC, and 1.65m/s for PVG.

Using the FDS simulation software, a scenario model matching the actual size of the conveyor belt passage was constructed based on the scaled-down experimental results. A correlation model between the smoke layer parameters in this simulated transportation channel and the wind speed, fire characteristics, and tunnel geometry was developed. Simulation results analyzed the characteristics of smoke backflow in the tunnel under different wind speeds, inclinations, and fire powers. The results showed that in a horizontal tunnel, wind speed is inversely related to the length of the smoke backflow layer. The critical wind speed to stop the backflow in horizontal and 10°inclined tunnels was found to be below 1.4m/s, while in a 20°inclined tunnel, the critical state was reached at approximately 1.4m/s. Under the same wind speed, the fire power was directly proportional to the length of the smoke backflow layer, indicating a logarithmic relationship between fire power or wind speed and smoke backflow length in a horizontal tunnel.

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