煤是地球上储量最丰富、分布最广的化石燃料，常与其他能源或资源共同存在，如油页岩、沥青、铝土矿、铀、黄铁矿等。陕西省北部地区煤与原油共存的地质条件较为普遍，煤层开采过程中，原油会从煤顶板和底板岩石中形成的裂隙，浸入采空区遗煤中，形成的油浸煤表现出新的自燃特征。本文使用来自同一矿区的原油及煤样，制备了原油质量分数为0、2.5%、5%、7.5%和10%的油浸煤样，研究了油浸煤的氧化自燃特性和指标气体变化规律，建立了油浸煤自燃分级预警体系。

测试了原油、原煤、油浸煤的基础物理化学特性。结果表明，原煤和油浸煤的热物性系数变化趋势一致，油浸煤的热扩散系数和导热系数均低于原煤。随温度升高，煤样热扩散系数先减小后增大，在210 ℃时为最小值；煤样的导热系数先增大后略微减小然后再增大；在 230 ℃后，原煤的比热容大于油浸煤；气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用测试结果表明，原油中含有较多脂肪环结构化合物，结合不同原油质量分数煤样的原始红外光谱图，解释了油浸煤中脂肪烃基团含量较高的原因。
利用同步热分析仪（TG-DSC）测试了原煤和油浸煤样的热失重和放热特性，分析了原煤和油浸煤样燃烧的特征温度点、反应阶段和氧化动力学参数变化规律。结果表明，随着原油含量增加，初始吸附温度 T_a增大，原油质量分数大的煤样脱附蒸发阶段会持续到更高的温度；质量峰温度Tp、着火温度 T_i、最大失重速率温度 T_m 和燃尽温度 T_b 与原油质量分数成反比，原油质量分数大的煤样质量峰值Mpeak 越小，其达到质量峰值的温度越低。从质量变化曲线可以发现，油浸煤样比原煤的燃烧性能更好，能够完全燃烧的能力更强。氧化动力学计算结果表明，在脱附蒸发阶段，10%油浸煤样品活化能最低；而在吸氧增重阶段和燃烧阶段，原油质量分数大的油浸煤活化能则高于原煤样。
对比分析了原油和油浸煤样低温氧化产生的气体变化规律，采用灰色关联分析方法确定了微观基团与煤自燃预警气体指标变化之间的相关性系数。结果表明，含氧基团−OH 与各类指标气体变化的关联度均在 0.74 以上，对各种指标气体的生成都有积极的影响。最后，利用 CO、C₂H₄、φ(CO)/φ(CO₂)和φ(C₂H₄)/φ(CH₄)四种气体指标来描述煤自燃的过程，将煤油共生情况下的煤自燃隐患分为 5 个预警等级和 4 个温度阈值。研究结论能够为煤油共生矿井煤自燃监测、预警和发展程度判定提供依据。

Coal is the most abundant and widely distributed fossil fuel on earth and often coexists with other energy or resources, such as oil shale, asphalt, bauxite, uranium, pyrite, etc. Geological conditions for the coexistence of coal and crude oil are common in northern
Shaanxi Province. During the coal seam mining process, crude oil will penetrate into the remaining coal from the goaf through the cracks formed in the coal roof and floor rocks, and the oil-immersed coal formed will show new spontaneous combustion. feature. This paper uses crude oil and coal samples from the same mining area to prepare oil-immersed coal samples with crude oil mass fractions of 0, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%, and studies the oxidation and spontaneous combustion characteristics of oil-immersed coal and the change patterns of index gases ,established a graded early warning system for oil-immersed coal spontaneous combustion.

The basic physical and chemical properties of crude oil, raw coal, and oil-immersed coal were tested. The test results show that the thermal physical property coefficients of raw coal and oil-immersed coal have a consistent change trend. The thermal diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity of oil-immersed coal are lower than those of raw coal. As the temperature increases, the thermal diffusion of coal samples increases. The coefficient first
decreases and then increases, with a minimum point at 210 °C; the thermal conductivity of the coal sample first increases, then slightly decreases and then increases again; after 230 °C, the specific heat capacity of raw coal is greater than that of oil-immersed coal; gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined test results show that crude oil contains more alicyclic structural compounds. Combined with the original infrared spectra of 
coal samples with different crude oil mass fractions, it explains the reason for the higher content of aliphatic hydrocarbon groups in oil-immersed coal.
The simultaneous thermal analyzer (TG-DSC) was used to test the thermal weight loss and heat release characteristics of raw coal and oil-immersed coal samples. The results show that as the crude oil content increases, the initial adsorption temperature T_a increases, and the desorption and evaporation stage of coal samples with a large crude oil mass fraction will continue to higher temperatures; the mass peak temperature T_p, ignition temperature T_i, maximum weight loss rate temperature Tm and The burnout temperature Tb is inversely proportional to the crude oil mass fraction. The smaller the mass peak M_peak of a coal sample
with a large crude oil mass fraction, the lower the temperature at which it reaches the mass peak. The mass change curve and combustion characteristic index show that the oil-immersed
coal sample has better combustion performance than raw coal and has a stronger ability to burn completely. The oxidation kinetics calculation results show that in the desorption and evaporation stage, the 10% oil-immersed coal sample has the lowest activation energy; while in the oxygen absorption and weight gain stage and the combustion stage, the activation energy of the oil-immersed coal sample with a large crude oil mass fraction is higher than raw
coal sample.

The gas change patterns produced by low-temperature oxidation of crude oil and oil-immersed coal samples were comparatively analyzed, and the correlation coefficient between microscopic groups and coal spontaneous combustion gas indicator changes was determined using the gray correlation analysis method. The results show that the correlation between the oxygen-containing group −OH and the changes in various indicator gases is above 0.74, which has a positive impact on the generation of various indicator gases. Finally, the four gas indicators of CO, C2H4, φ(CO)/φ(CO2) and φ(C2H4)/φ(CH4) are used to describe the process of coal spontaneous combustion, and the hidden dangers of coal spontaneous combustion under the symbiosis of kerosene are divided into five categories warning levels and four temperature thresholds. The research conclusion can provide a basis for the
monitoring, early warning and development degree determination of coal spontaneous combustion in coal-oil symbiosis mines.