建筑、消防及矿井等许多行业的劳动者往往暴露在高温环境中，长期处在高温环境中会产生热应激，严重危害身心健康，降低工作效率。但由于工作场所与运行成本的限制，空调等全局制冷措施无法实现。液冷服能够通过冷却管路对人体进行局部冷却，是一种有效缓解劳动者的热应激、提高舒适性的热防护措施。本文围绕液冷服的热舒适性以及性能优化进行研究，主要研究内容如下：

(1)建立了人体—液冷服—环境传热模型，对液冷服的传热路径进行具体分析。并基于人体热平衡方程与热舒适理论，确定了实验所需的相关生理参数。

(2)基于液冷服系统，提出使用高吸水树脂作为冷源介质，以延长液冷服的有效工作时长。并依靠人工微气候实验室，在高温环境(35±1 ℃、60±5% RH)中，研究液冷服对热环境下人体相关生理参数与主观评价的影响，并探究主观评价与生理参数之间的关联。结果表明，高吸水性树脂的比工作时长与冰袋相比增长了37.5%，具有更优的蓄冷能力。同时，与无防护措施相比，液冷服能有效抑制住受试者皮肤温度、核心温度和心率的升高，显著改善了受试者的热感觉评价(TSV)、热舒适评价(TCV)和自用力程度(RPE)。穿着液冷服时，皮肤温度与主观评价呈正相关；得出了局部热感觉与整体热感觉的关系，胸部与背部的局部热感觉对整体热感觉影响最大。此外，液冷服能够显著影响受试者的生理应激指数(PSI)与感知应激指数(PeSI)；并对PSI与PeSI进行线性拟合，得出了两者的拟合关系，可以通过PeSI值对生理应激水平进行预测。

(3)通过三维模拟仿真对液冷服的冷却性能以及影响规律进行探究，并对比分析了纵向蛇形(L-S)与横向蛇形(T-S)管路两种管路模型。结果表明，在一定范围内，两种模型的皮肤平均温度与流量分别为线性相关和二次函数曲线关系、与进口温度和代谢率均为线性相关；出口温度均与流量呈二次函数曲线关系，与进口温度和环境温度呈线性相关，并得到相应的拟合关系式。与T-S模型相比，L-S模型的皮肤平均温度增长率降低了7.7%，出口水温最高相差了0.38 ℃，冷却量最多增加了16.7 W/m²。

(4)为了提高液冷服系统的换热性能，对纳米流体在液冷服管道中对流换热进行模拟研究，并应用在液冷服系统中。结果表明，在一定范围内，Cu-水纳米流体的换热性能优于CuO-水和Al₂O₃-水纳米流体；体积浓度为2.0%的Cu-水纳米流体对液冷服散热性能的提升效果最好，与工质水相比，冷却量最多增长了11.4%。

Workers in many industries, such as construction, fire protection and mine, are often exposed to high temperature environment, which will produce heat stress, seriously harm physical and mental health and reduce work efficiency. However, due to the limitations of the workplace and operating costs, air conditioning and other global cooling measures can not be achieved. The liquid-cooled suit can cool the human body locally through the cooling pipeline, which is an effective thermal protection measure to relieve the heat stress and improve the comfort of workers. In this paper, the thermal comfort and performance optimization of liquid-cooled clothing are studied:

The heat transfer model of human-liquid cooling garment-environment was established to analyze the heat transfer path of liquid cooling garment. Based on the heat balance equation of human body and thermal comfort theory, the physiological parameters needed in the experiment were determined.

(2)Based on the liquid-cooled suit system, the use of super absorbent resin as a cold source medium to extend the effective working time of LCG. Rely on the artificial microclimate laboratory, in the high temperature environment (35±1℃, 60±5%RH), the effects of LCG on human physiological parameters and subjective evaluation in thermal environment were studied, and the relationship between subjective evaluation and physiological parameters was explored. The results show that the super absorbent resin has better cold storage capacity, the specific working time of super absorbent resin increased by 37.5% compared with that of ice pack. At the same time, compared with no protective measures, the liquid cooling garment can effectively inhibit the increase of skin temperature, core temperature and heart rate of the subject, and significantly improve the thermal sensation evaluation (TSV), thermal comfort evaluation (TCV) and degree of self-exertion (RPE) of the subject.The skin temperature was positively correlated with subjective evaluation when wearing LCG. The relationship between the local thermal sensation and the whole thermal sensation was obtained, and the local thermal sensation of the chest and back had the greatest influence on the whole thermal sensation.In addition, the physiological stress index (PSI) and perceived stress index (PeSI) of the subjects were significantly affected by the liquid-cooled suit, and the fitting relationship between PSI and PeSI was obtained by linear fitting, pesi value can be used to predict physiological stress level.

(3)Through three-dimensional simulation, the cooling performance and influence law of liquid cooling garment were explored, and two pipeline models of longitudinal serpentine (L-S) and transverse serpentine (T-S) were compared and analyzed. The results show that the average skin temperature of the two models was linearly correlated with the flow rate, linearly correlated with the inlet temperature and linearly correlated with the metabolic rate. The relationship between outlet temperature and flow rate is quadratic function curve, and the relationship between outlet temperature and inlet temperature and ambient temperature is linear.Compared with T-S model, the average skin temperature increase rate of L-S model decreased by 7.7%, the maximum difference of outlet water temperature was 0.38 ℃, and the cooling capacity increased by 16.7 W/m² at most.

(4)In order to improve the heat transfer performance of the liquid-cooled suit system, the convection heat transfer of nano-fluid in the liquid-cooled suit pipeline was simulated and studied, and applied in the liquid-cooled suit system. The results show that the heat transfer performance of Cu-water nanofluids is better than that of CuO-water and Al₂O₃-water nanofluids. Cu-water nanofluid with a volume concentration of 2.0% has the best effect on improving the heat dissipation performance of the liquid cooling garment, and the cooling capacity is increased by 11.4% compared with the working fluid water.

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