近几十年来，孟加拉国经历了非凡的经济增长，成衣业在这方面发挥了关键作用。这些工业部门的繁荣和延续对于该国未来的出口导向型经济增长至关重要。鉴于出口导向型经济增长的重要性，本研究评估了该行业的全球竞争力水平。评估竞争力来源的主要分析框架是迈克尔·波特（Michael Porter）的国家竞争力戴蒙德模型。为了确定即将到来的障碍和行业持续贡献的关键成功因素，还进行了 SWOT 分析。本研究采用混合方法对研究问题进行调查。为了了解当前的行业，收集了二手材料，主要是以政府和私营部门的研究和记录的形式。为了评估孟加拉国RMG行业各个组成部分竞争力的影响和相对权重，对来自150家RMG工厂的受访者进行了调查，以评估构成国家钻石模型的许多组成部分的相对重要性和影响，并确定孟加拉国RMG行业竞争力的基础.另外还与包括外国买家在内的五个不同利益相关者群体的代表进行了30次面对面访谈，以获得有关孟加拉国RMG行业实现和维持其竞争力的各种关键因素的进一步澄清和见解。该研究的结论表明，并非波特国家钻石模型的每个方面都提高了RMG行业的竞争力。尽管国内市场需求不佳，但孟加拉国的成金行业似乎在四个关键的国家钻石领域中具有竞争力。孟加拉RMG产业的发展主要得益于其他三个主要方面，即相关和支持产业、产业战略、结构和竞争。这些因素也为该行业提供了在国际市场上获得竞争优势所需的推动力。

然而，尽管存在某些制约因素，如缺乏高技能的中级RMG专业人员、获得充足资金的机会有限以及研发活动的缺陷，但大量非熟练劳动力的可用性、战略位置和合理的基础设施在要素条件下成为竞争优势的来源。相对而言，相当多的后向联动针织品行业对相关和辅助部门的竞争力做出了有利贡献。然而，行业受访者认为，与其他国家相比，缺乏发达的集群是一个局限性。在行业战略、结构和竞争的情况下，行业协会在合规问题和对买方需求的集体反应方面采取的合作行动被确定为竞争优势的来源。相反，将分包给不合规的工厂和缺乏系统的研发（例如，缺乏共同的电子平台）被认为是局限性。结果表明，这三个维度的有利因素——相关产业、配套产业以及产业战略、结构、竞争——具有较好的影响，相对强于不利影响，有助于行业获得竞争优势。除了四个主要驱动因素外，研究表明，政府援助一直是孟加拉国RMG行业增长的主要贡献者。通过各种政策措施、财政激励措施和有利贸易协定的谈判，例如在普惠制（GSP）制度下免关税和免进口配额进入欧盟，政府提供了这些支持。该研究还发现，三个不相关的事件对孟加拉国RMG行业的发展产生了重大影响：1970年代对传统RMG出口商（如韩国和香港）实施的配额制度;1974年至1994年管理全球纺织品和服装贸易的多纤维安排（MFA），并给予孟加拉国出口商优惠准入;以及 2013 年拉纳广场服装厂灾难后提出的合规问题。

研究结果强调了波特的双钻、三钻和钻石原石主张在维护孟加拉国RMG行业的不间断扩张和进步方面的重要性。它还简要提到了当前的 COVID-19 爆发可能如何影响孟加拉国的 RMG 业务。最后，它提出了未来研究的方向，从多个角度扩展我们对竞争力的理解，并提出了对孟加拉国RMG行业的政策影响。

In recent decades, Bangladesh has experienced extraordinary economic growth, with the readymade garment (RMG) industry playing a pivotal role in this regard. The prosperity and continuation of these industrial sectors are essential to the nation's export-led economic growth in the future. Given the significance of the export-led approach to economic growth, this research evaluated this industry's level of global competitiveness. The primary analytical framework for evaluating the sources of competitiveness is Michael Porter's Diamond model of national competitiveness. To determine upcoming obstacles and crucial success factors for the industry's continued contribution, a SWOT analysis is also carried out. The investigation of the research questions was done by a mixed method approach in this research. To understand the current industry, secondary material was gathered, primarily in the form of government and private sector studies and records. In order to evaluate the impacts and relative weights of the various components competitiveness of Bangladesh's RMG industry, survey comprising respondents from 150 RMG factories was carried out to evaluate the relative importance and effects of the many components that make up the National Diamond model and to determine the foundation for Bangladesh's RMG industry's competitiveness.            Thirty additional in-person interviews were undertaken with representatives of five distinct stakeholder groups, including foreign buyers, in order to obtain additional clarifications and insights regarding various factors critical to Bangladesh's RMG industry's attainment and sustenance of its competitiveness. The study's conclusions show that not every aspect of Porter's National Diamond model boosted the RMG industry's competitiveness. The RMG sector in Bangladesh seemed to be competitive among the four key National Diamond dimensions, despite the absence of favorable domestic market demand. The development of the RMG industry in Bangladesh was primarily aided by the other three main dimensions, which are the related and support industries, industry strategy, structure, and rivalry. These factors also gave the industry the push it needed to gain a competitive edge in the international market.

However, despite certain constraints like a lack of highly skilled mid-level RMG professionals, restricted access to adequate financing, and shortcomings in R&D activities, the availability of a sizable unskilled workforce, strategic locations, and reasonable infrastructure acted as sources of competitive advantage within factor conditions. Comparably, a considerable number of backward-linkage knitwear industries favorably contributed to competitiveness in related and support sectors. However, industry respondents identified the lack of well-developed clusters as a limitation in comparison to other nations. The industry association's iii cooperative actions regarding compliance issues and collective responses to buyers' needs were identified as sources of competitive advantage in the case of industry strategy, structure, and rivalry. Conversely, subcontracting to non-compliant factories and a lack of systematic R&D (e.g., an absence of a common e-platform) were considered limitations. The results show that those three dimensions' favorable factors—related and supporting industries, as well as industry strategy, structure, and rivalry—have a good impact were comparatively more powerful than the adverse effects, and they help the industry gain a competitive edge. In addition to the four primary drivers, the research indicates that government assistance has been a major contributor to the growth of the RMG sector in Bangladesh. Through a variety of policy measures, financial incentives, and the negotiation of advantageous trade agreements, such as tariff- and import-quota-free access to the European Union under the Generalized System of Preference (GSP) system, the government offered these supports. The study also found that three unrelated events had a significant impact on the growth of Bangladesh's RMG industry: a quota system implemented in the 1970s against traditional RMG exporters (such as South Korea and Hong Kong); the Multi-Fiber    Arrangement (MFA), which governed global trade in textiles and garments from 1974 to 1994 and gave Bangladeshi exporters preferential access; and compliance concerns brought up following the 2013 Rana Plaza garment factory disaster.

The results underscore the significance of Porter's double, triple, and rough diamond propositions in upholding the uninterrupted expansion and advancement of the RMG sector in Bangladesh. It also briefly mentions how the current COVID-19 outbreak may affect Bangladesh's RMG business. Lastly, it suggests directions for future study to expand our understanding of competitiveness from many angles and suggests policy implications for Bangladesh's RMG industry.