通过对陕西潼关金矿区太峪水系沉积物的全面采样，测定其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、 As、Cu、Zn七种重金属。利用Excel数据处理工具，讨论了太峪水系沉积物重金属空 间分布；结合研究区水系沉积物重金属含量参照值，利用内梅罗指数法对太峪水系重金 属污染水平、累积现状进行了系统的评价；按照现代工业化前正常颗粒沉积物最高环境 背景值，运用潜在生态危害指数法分析了重金属对太峪水系生态环境的危害程度。选择 太峪水库沉积物开展重金属垂向赋存、迁移研究，分析不同层位沉积物对重金属的吸附 能力，反演金矿开发后矿业活动强度的变化。取得以下成果： (1)分山区和山外分析了太峪水系沉积物的主要污染源。 (2)认为Pb、Zn太峪水系沉积物中最主要的重金属元素，并且对黄河造成影响。 (3)太峪河流底泥重金属Hg_．Pb、Hg__Cd、Hg一—Zn、Cd_Pb、Cd—．Zn、Zn__Pb 之间同源性较高。Zn、Cd与Cu也有一定的同源性。Cr、As积累独特。 (4)潼关金矿区水系沉积物背景值中，Pb、Cr、Zn显著富集，Hg和As略有富集， 基本反映原生地球化学背景值；Cd、Cu含量偏低。 (5)太峪河流底泥中除As、Cr未超标外，其他重金属全部超标，Hg、Pb、Cd为 主要污染元素。 (6)太峪水库沉积物是潼关金矿区矿业活动历史的一部记录档案，客观地反映了 金矿业发展的高潮和低谷。整个剖面上，除Cr、As元素以外，水库河床沉积物中重金 属元素累积污染倍数较大，累积程度明显。 (7)Hg、Pb、Cd三种重金属对生态系统的造成很强的危害，Cu对生态系统的危 害程度强，Cr、As、Zn三种元素的潜在生态危害程度轻微。太峪水系的生态问题就是 Hg、Pb、Cd的复合危害。

The samples ofTaiyu river sediments were comprehensively collected and me Hg、Pb、 Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn were determined． Using Excel as the tool of data processing，the spatial distributions of heavy metals were investigated in Taiyu fiver sediments．Combined with the reference values of heavy metals of fiver sediments in study area,the pollution level and presem situation about accumulation of heavy metals were evaluated systematically by Nemero Index in Taiyu fiver．Under the condition of the highest environmental background values of normal granular sediments before modem industrialization，the damage degree of ecological environment by heavy metals were analyzed with potential ecological risk assessment in Taiyu river．The investigations on the vertical occurrence，migration，the adsorption capacitv of sediments in the different sediments horizons of heavy metals were developed in Taiyu reservoir,and the changes on strength of mining activities after gold deposits were inversed．The achievements obtained were as follows． (1)The main pollution sources of stream sediments in and out mountain area were analyzed in Taiyu river． (2)Pb and Zn were main heavy metals of stream sediments in Taiyu，and influenced Huanghe river． (3)The homologies among the Hg—Pb，Hg—Cd，Hg—Zn，Cd—Pb，Cd-Zn，Zn-Pb were higher, while Zn，Cd and Cu had homologies in the sediments of Taiyu river．Cr and As accumulated particularly． (4)In the stream sediments of Tongguan goldfield，Pb，Cr and Zn were obviously enriched，Hg and As were slightly enriched，which basically reflected the original geochemistry background values．The concentration of Cd and Cu were relatively low． (5)The heavy metals were over standard except As and Cr,Hg，Pb and Cd were main pollutants in the sediments of Taiyu river． (们The stream sediments were a record of history about gold mining activities at Tongguan that objectively reflected the low tide and climax of development of gold mining· Except Cr and As，accumulated pollution times of heavy metals in the sediments of reservoir was higher in the whole sections，and the accumulated degree iS obvious． (7)The three kinds of heavy metals including Hg，Pb and Cd disserved the ecosystem badly．The damage degree of ecosystem by Cu was strong．Potential ecological risk by Cr, As and Zn were slight．The problems of ecosystem were compound disserved by Hg，Pb and Cd．