西北黄土地区城市化进程随着国家西部大开发战略的稳步推进而加快，为了有效缓解城市化建设带来的交通拥堵问题，城市道路建设逐渐向立体化、复杂化方向发展。伴随着道路交通流量的不断增加，路基病害问题层出不穷，成为城市化建设不可避免的诟病之一。作为影响路基稳定性的主要原因，土中水环境随着工程建设和人类环境的变异而变化，在交通车辆荷载的持续作用下，水-土关系变得更为复杂，从而存在路面变形、沉降、甚至塌陷等道路病害的风险。鉴于此，以交通荷载作用下的重塑黄土路基为研究对象，借助实地调研、现场监测、室内试验与数值模拟等相结合的方式对重塑黄土的动力特性与路基变形规律进行研究，研究结果可为西北黄土区域城市道路的防灾减灾提供科学依据。论文主要成果如下：

（1）通过对城市交通实地调研及对交通荷载振动特征现场监测，得到了城市交通车辆类型及时间与空间上的行车规律：城市交通行车特征呈现出分布广、频率低、行车缓及流量大等特点。交通荷载可近似于正弦波形式传递，其振动加速度绝对值的平均范围在0.5～1.0gal，衰减较快；振动主频段于0～20Hz范围，优势频率集中于低频区段；竖向基准振幅的绝对值处于0～0.30mm区间，持续且稳定；整体表现为低频持续、密集反复的振动特征。

（2）通过采用一维正弦波形模拟交通荷载的动三轴试验，设定不同土性、静力和动力条件进行研究，得到了路基重塑黄土的动力特性：路基重塑黄土动应力应变关系呈先陡后缓的双曲线发展形式；动模量随动应变呈初期急降而后期平稳的曲线关系；累积塑性应变呈发展型与渐稳型曲线特征；阻尼比变化范围于0.08～0.31之间，离散性较大。

（3）利用电镜扫描试验，探究振后重塑黄土的微观结构特征，得到了不同含水率、干密度、围压、动荷和频率条件下重塑黄土循环加载后土体颗粒与孔隙的形态样式、联结方式及分布形式，以及动荷作用对土体微观结构的影响规律。揭示了重塑黄土振后颗粒与孔隙微观结构参数的变化规律，阐述影响微观结构变化的原因，建立了动荷作用下重塑黄土变形的宏观现象同微观机理的内在联系。

（4）构建三维路基模型，基于有限元数值分析，得到了路基土体应力、应变与位移的动力响应规律，提出了浅层重塑黄土路基竖向位移变形随深度的衰减公式。探索交通荷载循环作用下黄土路基累积沉降变形的发展规律，建立了不同含水率、干密度和动荷载工况下浅层黄土路基随循环振次递增的累积沉降变形经验公式，为实际工程提供参考。

The urbanization process in the northwest loess region is accelerated with the steady progress of the national western development strategy. In order to effectively alleviate the traffic congestion caused by urbanization, urban road construction is gradually developing in the direction of three-dimensional and complex. With the continuous increase of road traffic flow, roadbed diseases emerge in endlessly, which has become one of the inevitable criticisms of urbanization. As the main reason affecting the stability of subgrade, the water environment in soil changes with the variation of engineering construction and human environment. Under the continuous action of traffic vehicle load, the water-soil relationship becomes more complex, which leads to the risk of road diseases such as road deformation, settlement and even collapse. In view of this, taking the remolded loess subgrade under traffic load as the research object, the dynamic characteristics and subgrade deformation law of remolded loess are studied by means of field investigation, field monitoring, laboratory test and numerical simulation. The research results can provide scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of urban roads in northwest loess area. The main results of this paper are as follows :

(1)   Through field research on urban traffic and on-site monitoring of traffic load vibration characteristics, we obtained urban traffic vehicle types and traffic patterns in time and space: urban traffic traffic characteristics show characteristics such as wide distribution, low frequency, slow traffic and large flow. The traffic load can be approximated as a sinusoidal wave transmission, and the average range of its absolute value of vibration acceleration is from 0.5 to 1.0 gal, with fast decay; the main frequency range of vibration is from 0 to 20 Hz, and the dominant frequency is concentrated in the low frequency range; the absolute value of vertical reference amplitude is in the range of 0 to 0.30 mm, which is continuous and stable; the overall performance is low frequency continuous and intensive repeated vibration characteristics.

(2)   Through the dynamic triaxial test using one-dimensional sinusoidal waveform to simulate the traffic load and setting different soil properties, static and dynamic conditions, the dynamic characteristics of the roadbed remodeled loess were obtained: the dynamic stress-strain relationship of the roadbed remodeled loess showed a steep and then slow hyperbolic development; the dynamic modulus showed a sharp drop at the beginning and a smooth curve at the end with the dynamic strain; the accumulated plastic strain showed a developmental and gradual stability curve. The damping ratio varies from 0.08 to 0.31, with a large dispersion.

(3)   The microstructural characteristics of the remodeled loess after vibration are investigated by using electron microscope scanning test, and the morphological patterns, association and distribution forms of soil particles and pores after cyclic loading of remodeled loess under different water content, dry density, surrounding pressure, dynamic load and frequency conditions are obtained, as well as the influence law of dynamic load on the microstructure of soil. The changes of microstructure parameters of particles and pores after vibration of remodeled loess are revealed, and the causes of microstructure changes are explained, and the inner connection between macroscopic phenomenon and microscopic mechanism of remodeled loess deformation under dynamic loading is established.

(4)   The three-dimensional subgrade model is constructed. Based on the finite element numerical analysis, the dynamic response laws of stress, strain and displacement of subgrade soil are obtained, and the attenuation formula of vertical displacement deformation of shallow remolded loess subgrade with depth is proposed. The development law of cumulative settlement deformation of loess subgrade under traffic load cycle was explored, and the empirical formula of cumulative settlement deformation of shallow loess subgrade with the increase of cycle vibration times under different moisture content, dry density and dynamic load conditions is established, which provides reference for practical engineering.

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