高速永磁电机因其体积小、效率高、功率密度高等显著优势，在众多工业和交通运输领域得到广泛应用。内置式高速永磁电机凭借其独特的结构优势，其结构的交直轴磁路不对称，可利用磁阻转矩提高电机的过载能力和转矩密度。对于电动汽车、牵引电机等运用领域，对弱磁扩速范围要求较高的场所，只能选择内置式转子结构。但是，由于内置式转子结构受到硅钢片屈服强度的限制，其机械强度较差，转速受限。

目前，学者们提出了多种提高内置式转子机械强度的结构，然而，这些增强转子强度的措施不可避免地会影响电机的电磁与传热特性，甚至导致电机的电磁性能和温度分布不能满足设计要求。另外，对不同转子结构的研究主要集中于转子应力，忽略了提高转子应力的措施对其他电机性能的影响。因此，本文优选了四种不同的内置式高速永磁电机转子结构，包括一字型分段、一字型分段加护套、隔断型加护套以及环形分段转子结构。对四种转子结构进行了考虑多物理场性能的综合设计、优化和比较，涵盖转子应力、电磁与损耗特性以及温度分布。

首先，确定了电机的整体结构和初始电磁方案。以一台140kW，18000rpm的高速永磁同步电机为研究对象，结合内置式高速永磁电机的设计要求、设计流程和特点，通过对比不同的设计参数和有限元分析，确定了内置式高速永磁电机的关键设计参数。

其次，综合分析了四种转子结构的转子设计参数对电机性能的影响。分析了隔磁桥形状，加强筋的形状、位置、方向和分段数对转子应力的影响。针对四种转子结构，综合评估了转子设计参数对电机多物理场性能的影响规律和影响程度。通过分析，确定了四种转子结构的初始设计方案，为论文后续的优化设计奠定基础。

然后，对四种转子结构展开了相同优化目标和约束条件的电磁-应力优化设计。通过确定四种转子结构的优化范围和优化参数，利用Kriging代理模型建立了转子设计参数和电机性能的响应面。基于此，对四种转子结构进行考虑转子应力和电磁特性的优化设计，并采用多目标遗传算法对代理模型进行寻优，得到不同转子结构的优化方案。

最后，综合比较四种转子结构的电机性能，包括转子应力、电磁与损耗特性和温度分布。在优化方案的基础上，对比了不同转速和不同运行工况时转子和护套的机械强度；比较了四种电机的空载反电势和负载损耗特性；并在相同的冷却方案下，比较了四种电机的温度分布。此外，为验证本文理论分析的有效性，根据一字型分段转子结构加工了一台样机，并进行了机械安全测试，电磁和温度特性实验。

High-speed permanent magnet motors (HSPMMs) have been widely used in many industrial and transportation fields due to their significant advantages such as small size, high efficiency and high power density. The interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor has its unique structural advantages, and the significant difference between the D-axis and Q-axis inductance improve the overload capacity and torque density of the motor by using reluctance torque. For electric vehicles, traction motors and other application fields, where the range of weak magnetic field expansion is required to be high, only the IPM rotor structure can be selected. However, because the IPM rotor structure is limited by the yield strength of the electrical silicon steel, the mechanical strength is poor and the speed is limited.

At present, scholars have proposed a variety of rotor structures to improve the mechanical strength of the IPM rotor. However, these measures will inevitably affect the electromagnetic and heat transfer characteristics of the motor, and even cause the electromagnetic performance and temperature distribution of the motor to fail to meet the design requirements. In addition, the research on different rotor structures mainly focuses on rotor stress, ignoring the effect of measures to improve rotor stress on other motor performance. Therefore, four kinds of rotor structures are selected in this paper, including PM radial segmentation, PM segmented with sleeve, partition segmented with sleeve and annular PM segmented rotor structure. Four rotor structures are comprehensively designed, optimized and compared considering multiphysics performance, covering rotor stress, electromagnetic and loss characteristics and temperature distribution.

Firstly, the initial electromagnetic scheme and four rotor structures of the motor are determined. Taking a 140kW, 18000rpm high-speed IPM motor as the research object, combined with the design requirements, design process and characteristics of the high-speed IPM motor, the key design parameters of the high-speed IPM motor are determined by comparing different design parameters and finite element analysis.

Secondly, the influence of rotor design parameters of four rotor structures on motor performance is comprehensively analyzed. The effects of different bridge shapes, and the shapes, positions, directions and segments of the stiffeners on the rotor stress are analyzed. For four different rotor structures, the influence law and degree of rotor design parameters on the multiphysics performance of the motor are comprehensively evaluated. Through the analysis, the initial design schemes of four rotor structures are determined, which laid the foundation for the subsequent optimization design of the paper.

Then, the electromagnetic-stress optimization design with the same optimization objectives and constraints is carried out for the four rotor structures. By determining the optimization parameters range of the four rotor structures, the response surface of the rotor design parameters and motor performance is established using the Kriging surrogate model. Based on this, the optimization design of four rotor structures considering the rotor stress and electromagnetic characteristics is carried out, and the multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize the surrogate model, and the optimization schemes of different rotor structures are obtained.

Finally, the motor performance of the four rotor structures is comprehensively compared, including rotor stress, electromagnetic and loss characteristics, and temperature distribution. On the basis of the optimization scheme, the mechanical strength of the motor at different speeds and under different working conditions is analyzed. The no-load and load characteristics of the four motors are compared; The temperature distributions of the four motors are compared for the same cooling scheme. In addition, in order to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis in this paper, a prototype is machined according to the PM segmented rotor structure, and the rotor safety test, electromagnetic and temperature characteristics test are carried out.

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