巷道底鼓是制约矿井高效开采的主要问题之一，良好的巷道环境有利于工作面安全回采，针对山阳煤矿软岩回采巷道底鼓的问题，本论文以山阳煤矿1516轨道巷为研究背景，采用室内实验、理论分析、物理模拟、数值模拟以及现场实测相结合的综合研究方法，对山阳煤矿软岩回采巷道底鼓机理及控制展开研究。论文取得的主要成果如下：

（1）通过对山阳煤矿1516轨道巷现场实测和围岩物理力学测试，得到巷道最大底鼓量为850 mm，工作面超前支承压力影响范围为40∼45 m，应力峰值为26.8 MPa；巷道底板黏土矿物含量较高，胶结程度低，巷道底板为具有流变性的软岩。通过物理模拟试验，研究了加载应力作用下巷道底板应力分布、变形以及底鼓演化规律。加载应力作用下巷道底板垂直应力沿巷道断面呈现中间低两边高的分布规律。随着巷道底板深度增加，底板垂直位移逐渐减小，加载结束巷道最大底鼓量为879 mm；巷道帮部变形量越大底鼓越剧烈。根据加载过程中巷道底鼓演化特征将巷道底鼓分为四个阶段。

（2）1516轨道巷底鼓主要影响因素为底板物理力学性质和结构、岩层应力、水理影响、支护形式和巷道形状尺寸，底鼓类型为挤压流动型。建立了软岩回采巷道底板破坏判别模式和底鼓力学模型，推导了巷道底板破坏深度、底鼓量和底鼓影响区计算公式；得出巷道底鼓量与巷道帮部极限平衡与以及巷道底板破坏深度均为线性增长关系。通过数值模拟研究了采掘前后1516轨道巷底板应力场、位移场和塑性区范围的变化规律。

（3）根据巷道挤压流动型底鼓机理、巷道底板岩体具有破碎结构特征以及底鼓控制原则，提出采用“锚注加固底板+帮部加强支护”的底鼓控制方法。治理后，巷道底鼓量减少78%，帮部移近量减少58%，顶板下沉量减少64%；巷道底板最大破坏深度为0.78 m，相比支护前明显减小。通过工业试验证明，该底鼓控制方案应用效果良好。

研究结果揭示了山阳煤矿1516轨道巷底鼓机理，提出了针对性的底鼓控制方法，本研究可为类似地质条件下巷道底鼓治理提供参考。

The floor heave of roadway is one of the main problems that restrict the efficient mining of mine. A good roadway environment is conducive to the safe mining of working face. In view of the problem of floor heave of soft rock mining roadway in Shanyang Coal Mine, this paper takes 1516 track roadway in Shanyang Coal Mine as the research background, and adopts the comprehensive research method of indoor experiment, theoretical analysis, physical simulation, numerical simulation and field measurement to study the mechanism and control of floor heave of soft rock mining roadway in Shanyang Coal Mine. The main achievements of this paper are as follows :

(1) Through the field measurement of 1516 track roadway in Shanyang Coal Mine and the physical and mechanical test of surrounding rock, the maximum floor heave of roadway is 850 mm, the influence range of advance abutment pressure of working face is 40 ~ 45 m, and the peak stress is 26.8 MPa. The clay mineral content of the roadway floor is high, the degree of cementation is low, and the roadway floor is a soft rock with rheology. Through physical simulation test, the stress distribution, deformation and floor heave evolution law of roadway floor under loading stress were studied. Under the action of loading stress, the vertical stress of roadway floor along the roadway section presents the distribution law of low middle and high sides. As the depth of the roadway floor increases, the vertical displacement of the floor gradually decreases, and the maximum floor heave of the roadway at the end of loading is 879 mm. The larger the deformation of the roadway side, the more severe the floor heave. According to the evolution characteristics of roadway floor heave in the loading process, the roadway floor heave is divided into four stages.

(2) The main influencing factors of floor heave in 1516 track roadway are the physical and mechanical properties and structure of floor, rock stress, water effect, support form and roadway shape and size, and the type of floor heave is extrusion flow type. The discriminant mode of roadway floor failure is given. The mechanical model of floor heave in soft rock mining roadway is established, and the calculation formulas of floor failure depth, floor heave and floor heave influence area are derived. It is concluded that the relationship between the floor heave of roadway and the limit equilibrium of roadway side and the failure depth of roadway floor is linear growth. The variation law of stress field, displacement field and plastic zone range of 1516 track roadway floor before and after mining was studied by numerical simulation.

(3) According to the mechanism of floor heave of roadway extrusion flow type, the broken structure characteristics of roadway floor rock mass and the principle of floor heave control, the floor heave control method of ' bolting and grouting reinforcement floor + side reinforcement support ' is proposed. After treatment, the amount of floor heave of roadway is reduced by 78 %, the amount of side movement is reduced by 58 %, and the amount of roof subsidence is reduced by 64 %. The maximum failure depth of roadway floor is 0.78 m, which is significantly reduced compared with that before support. The industrial test proves that the application effect of the bottom drum control scheme is good.

The research results reveal the mechanism of floor heave of 1516 track roadway in Shanyang Coal Mine, and put forward the corresponding control method of floor heave. This study can provide reference for the treatment of roadway floor heave under similar geological conditions.