伴随着经济全球化和科技的迅猛发展，科技创新成为经济增长的发动机和核心推动力，科技创新在我国经济稳定持续快速发展中起到了决定性的作用，通常情况下，一个地区科技创新能力的提升可以体现出该地区综合竞争力的提升。因此，科学的评价河南省科技创新能力是寻找制约河南省科技创新能力发展瓶颈因素的有效途径，关注主要影响因素对河南省科技创新能力的影响，从而推动河南省经济实现跨越式发展。 本文在总结国内外研究现状以及相关理论的基础上，从科技创新基础设施、科技创新资源以及科技创新体系方面系统的分析了河南省科技创新现状；依据评价指标体系的构建原则，构建了河南省科技创新能力评价指标体系，该指标体系包括15个基础指标，通过一系列分析将其概括为三大主指标；以河南省2002~2011年的统计数据为依据，运用因子分析法和聚类分析法，分别从横向、纵向两方面对河南省科技创新能力进行了评价，纵向分析结果显示了河南省科技创新能力在不断提升，横向分析结果说明了河南省科技创新能力在中部居于中下游的地位，同时，运用回归分析法对河南省R&D资源配置结构进行了分析评价；根据上述评价和分析，从四个方面分析总结了河南省科技创新存在的主要问题，并就提升河南省科技创新能力提出了具体的对策建议。

With the economic globalization and the rapid development of science and technology, science and technology innovation has become the engine and the core driving force of economic growth, and it has played a decisive role in the process of the sustained, rapid and stable economic development of our country. Typically, in a region the improvement of the scientific and technological innovative ability can reflect the improvement of the comprehensive competitiveness of this region. Therefore, evaluate the scientific and technological innovative ability of Henan province scientifically is the effective way to find the bottleneck which restraints the development of scientific and technological innovative ability of Henan province, focus on the influence of main influencing factors to the Henan province scientific and technological innovation ability, So as to promote great-leap-forward development of economic of Henan province. On the basis of summarizing the research status at home and abroad and the related theories, in the aspect of infrastructure of science and technology innovation, science and technology resources, system of science and technology innovation and so on, this article analysis the current situation of science and technology innovation of Henan province; According to the principles of constructing the evaluation index system, this article builds the evaluation index system of scientific and technological innovative ability of Henan province. The index system includes 15 based indicators, through a series of analysis, the 15 based indicators will be summarized as the three main indicators. This article on the basis of the statistical data from 2002 to 2011 in Henan province, using factor analysis and cluster analysis, respectively from two aspects of dynamic and static to evaluate the scientific and technological innovative ability of Henan province. Dynamic analysis results show that the scientific and technological innovative ability of Henan province is improved gradually, Static analysis results show that the position of scientific and technological innovative ability of Henan province is in the middle and lower reaches in the central areas. At the same time, this paper using the regression analysis method to evaluate R&D resource allocation structure of Henan province. According to the evaluation and analysis, this paper from four aspects summarizes the main problems of science and technology innovation of Henan province, and puts forward specific countermeasures and suggestions on improving scientific and technological innovative ability of Henan province.