煤岩体时效变形演化和非对称失稳是当下威胁矿山安全生产的难题之一。目前新疆急倾斜特厚煤层开采逐渐进入深部，煤岩体变形导致破坏失稳灾害发生，其中尤其以煤岩体时效变形和非对称失稳现象频繁发生，对矿井安全生产和能源发展战略构成了严重的制约，因此，研究急倾斜煤岩体时效变形演化特征和非对称失稳机理对保障安全生产具有现实必要性。论文以新疆大型煤炭生产基地乌鲁木齐矿区为研究背景，采用现场调查、理论分析、模型实验、数值计算和现场监测等多种方法和手段，开展了急倾斜特厚煤层巷道煤岩体时效变形特征与非对称失稳机理研究，为安全开采提供了理论支撑和实践基础。主要研究成果如下：

(1) 系统完成了急倾斜煤岩体现场工程调查。针对典型急倾斜煤层赋存特征和煤岩裂隙发育状态调查分析，梳理确定了急倾斜煤层开采致灾因素。联合使用应力位移监测、钻孔窥视和地质雷达探测等，深入分析了采动煤岩体内部裂隙、结构发育状态和外部时效变形演化特征，为后续研究提供真实数据依据。

(2) 揭示了急倾斜特厚煤岩多应力水平作用下的时效特征和参数演化规律。急倾斜特厚煤岩体时效变形期间的裂隙演化和破坏特征主要表现为与层状构造相关的顺结构面和穿结构面破坏及两者的组合形式，而无层状结构煤岩的裂隙演化和破坏具有显著的随机性特征；岩体的基本力学参数随层状构造倾角增加呈现非对称演化形态；煤岩的时效应变量、稳态时效变形时长和时效变形速率与应力呈非线性特征关系；这为模型实验设计、数值计算建模和灾害防控方案的提出提供了科学依据。

(3) 构建了表达急倾斜煤岩体时效特征的粘弹-粘塑性模型。采用基于径向基函数的神经网络方法，以煤岩力学实验数据为基准，对比分析了神经网络和粘弹-粘塑性模型计算所得同类型数据，剖析了不同模型计算获取的煤岩体时效特征。结果表明，粘弹-粘塑性模型对于急倾斜煤岩体时效特征的模拟和数值计算具有较好的适用性。

(4) 揭示了煤岩体时效变形和破坏过程中“声-热”演化规律和非对称失稳机理。通过自主设计和构建平面组合加载模拟实验平台进行了物理相似模拟实验，确定了巷道煤岩体时效变形特征、破坏位置和范围。煤岩体时效变形失稳过程可分为四个阶段：浅层煤岩脱落阶段、底板侧煤岩小变形阶段，顶板侧煤岩同向屈曲阶段、底板侧煤岩底脚滑移阶段，这为巷道支护与优化设计提供了理论依据。

(5) 提出了现场支护方案，完成了工程应用并进行了效果评价。基于深层锚固和表面加固思想，制定了支护方案。采用了多点位移监测、钻孔裂隙发育演化窥视和松动圈探查方法，完成实践效果评估。结果表明，巷道煤岩体的整体强度大幅度提高，煤岩体裂隙发育程度显著降低，控制了急倾斜特厚煤层巷道煤岩体时效变形失稳，这对保障安全生产具有现实必要性。

Time-dependent deformation and asymmetric instability of coal-rock mass is one of the major problems threatening safe mining. At present, mining of steeply inclined coal seams has been gradually reaching deep level. Occurrence and stress conditions of coal-rock mass are different from that of shallow coal seams. Particularly, time-dependent deformation and induced hazard occur frequently, constituting a serious restriction on safe mining and energy development strategy. This paper takes Urumqi mining area, a large-scale coal production base in Xinjiang province as the research background. We applied a variety of research methods and means to accomplish research on time-dependent deformation and hazard prevention of stratified coal-rock mass in steeply inclined coal seams. Results provide theoretical support and practical basis for safe mining and sustainable energy development. The main research results are as follows:

(1) In-situ engineering geological investigation and structural characteristics analysis of steeply inclined coal seam have been performed systematically. A monitoring scheme was formed. Besides, we analyzed time-dependent deformation evolution characteristics of steeply inclined coal-rock mass.

(2) Time-dependent characteristics and parameter evolution rule of coal-rock mass under multiple stresses are revealed. Fracture evolution and failure of coal-rock specimens without stratified structure had significant random characteristics. The fracture evolution and failure characteristics of stratified coal-rock specimens were mainly manifested as failure along and cutting through structural plane and their combined forms. Basic mechanical parameters of rock mass presented asymmetric evolution with increase of stratified structure dip. Time-dependent strain, duration and velocity of coal-rock specimens with stratified structure had nonlinear relationship with applied stress.

(3) A viscoelasto-viscoplastic model has been constructed to simulate time-dependent characteristics of stratified coal-rock mass. We adopted the radial basis function (RBF) neural network method, based on experimental data, the similar data obtained by the RBF neural network and viscoelastic-viscoplastic model were compared and analyzed. Time-dependent characteristics of coal-rock mass obtained by different models were analyzed in the meantime. Results showed that the viscoelastic-viscoplastic model has good applicability to the simulation of time-dependent characteristics of steeply inclined coal-rock mass.

(4) The evolution law of "sound-heat" and asymmetric instability mechanism in the process of time-dependent deformation and failure of coal-rock mass are revealed. A combined load simulation platform has been designed and built, location of creep induced by hazard of stratified coal-rock mass in the roadway was located, and damage range ws quantitatively determined. Time-dependent deformation process of surrounding rock could be divided into four stages: shedding of shallow coal-rock mass, mild deformation on the floor side, synclastic buckling on the roof side, shearing slip on the floor side.

 (5) The optimized support scheme is put forward, the engineering application is completed and the effect is quantitatively evaluated. Based on the idea of deep anchorage and surface reinforcement, the support scheme was formulated. A variety of methods were used to evaluate the practical effect. Results showed that application of the optimized support scheme reduced fracture development degree of coal-rock mass, and largely solved hazard induced by stratified coal-rock mass time-dependent deformation in steeply inclined coal seams.