絮凝剂的性能是直接影响絮凝沉淀效果的关键因素。因此研制高效能、低毒性、低成本的新型絮凝剂具有重要意义。 本文在分析国内外聚硅酸类复合絮凝剂研究与发展的基础上，结合油田注水的特点，采用资源丰富的粉煤灰、浓盐酸、碱为主要原料，在不同煅烧温度、煅烧时间、pH值、酸浸时间和Fe、Si、Al含量配比等条件下制得系列PSAF，并进行实验测试分析，根据实验数据，得到聚硅酸铝铁制备的较佳工艺参数。 研究了高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸铝铁（PSAF）的制备技术与工艺，分析了絮凝剂PSAF的结构、性质特征，制备出了高效、可靠、适用油田回水处理的新型絮凝剂PSAF，并对油田回水进行了实际应用处理研究。 通过合成Fe、Si、Al摩尔比不同的聚硅酸硫酸铁，应用化学分析法、现代仪器分析测试技术，对PSAF中聚硅酸与铁、铝之间的相互作用进行对比研究，对絮凝剂絮凝机理进行研究分析。研究表明，絮凝剂PSAF不是简单的原料复配，而是以共聚形态络合而成。在Al/Fe摩尔比为1.0，Si/(Al+Fe)摩尔比为0.5，粉煤灰的活化温度为900~1000℃，酸浸温度为70~80℃，酸浸反应时间为2.0 h，盐酸质量分数为30%的条件下，用粉煤灰制备的聚硅酸铝铁复合絮凝剂对废水中SS的去除率达87.9%。 絮凝剂PSAF能同时具有电中和和吸附架桥絮凝作用。实验中采用自制絮凝剂PSAF分别处理模拟废水和油田回水，并与目前广泛使用的水处理剂PFS、PAC进行对比研究和分析。同时，对影响絮凝剂PSAF处理效果的主要因素进行系统分析，确定了本实验条件下最佳的水处理条件和工艺参数。结果表明，PSAF的絮凝效果优于PFS、PAC，当PSAF的用量达75 mg•L-1时,COD的去除率达87%,除油率为95%以上。

The coagulation effect is affected by coagulant’s performance directly. It is important to study and development new type coagulant of high effect、low toxicity and cost. According to the research and development of polymeric silicic acid complex coagulants, aiming at the character of oilfield reinjection water, at several calcining temperature and time, in different pH value、different acid leaching time and different content compound ratio of ferrum、silicon and aluminum, using resourceful fly ash、oil of vitriol and alkali obtained series polysilicate aluminium ferric (PSAF). Moreover, we did some experiment and analysed the result, summarized the best process parameter to making PSAF according the experiment data. Having researched preparation technique and process of macromolecule coagulant PSAF, analyzed its makeup and character, preparation for new efficient reliable coagulant which is suitable for oilfield reinjection water, and made it carried out in actual application processing. Through composing the PSAF with ferrum, silicon and aluminum at different molar ratio, applied the chemical analysis, analytical techniques of modern equipment, interaced the reciprocity between silicon and ferrum in PSAF to study the mechanism of flocculation. Studies have shown that coagulant PSAF is not a simple mixture of raw materials, but the complex formed by copolymer morphology. In the conditions of Al / Fe mass ratio of 1.0, Si / (Al + Fe) ratio of 0.5, the activation temperature of fly ash 900℃ to 1000℃, acid leaching temperature is 70℃ to 80℃, acid leaching reaction time is 2h, mass fraction of 30% hydrochloric acid, preparation for the composite flocculant PSAF with fly ash to remove suspended particles from wastewater by 87.9 percent. Congulant PSAF have two function: charge neutralization and adsorption bridging flocculation. Congulant PSAF of homemade used in the experiment were treated wastewater and oil return, and compared and analyzed the widely used water treatment pharmacy PFS with PAC. Meanwhile, systematic analysed the the main factors of congulant PSAF treatment effect to determine the optimal experimental conditions of this water treatment conditions and process parameters. The results show that, with the PSAF capacity of 75 mg•L-1, COD removal rate of 87 percent, oil removal ratio of 95% or more, the flocculation impact of PSAF is better than PFS and PAC.