标记点的识别与匹配是摄影测量中的关键问题。随着摄影测量科学技术的飞速发展，计算机识别与匹配技术发生了重大飞跃，其是传统摄影测量技术向数字化摄影测量技术的转化。 为了提高图像识别与匹配的精确程度，人们致力于图像识别与匹配算法的研究,提出了各种各样的算法。本文给出了一种计算机自动识别标记点方法，并详细讨论了识别方法的各个步骤，包括图像二值化、边缘提取、扫描判定以及检测标准。该方法有效的解决了摄影测量中标记点自动识别的难题。实验结果表明，利用该方法可以高效的识别标记点，达到了计算机自动认知标记点的效果。 本文针对扇环编码标记点的外形特征设计了一套完整的解码与匹配方法。该方法设计原则充分利用了其形状特点，避免了以往匹配方法算法运算量过大，标记点匹配不准确的问题。实验数据显示，匹配准确率高，并且计算简单，容易实现。 在大型工件测量时，由于编码标记点数量有限，往往不能满足实际需求，需要使用非编码标记点。由于非编码标记点没有编码标记点的特征外形，所以其匹配问题是标记点匹配的难点。根据射影几何学中几何不变量的相关理论，本文利用共面五点交比不变特性实现平面非编码标记点的匹配。实验结果表明，利用交比不变量实现非编码标记点的匹配方法可以有效匹配绝大多数非编码标记点，匹配速度较快，效果良好，有一定的使用价值。

The photographic identification and matching of marked point is a key issue in measurement. With the rapid development of Photogrammetry, The photographic identification and matching has been made great progress, especially in the transformation from the traditional photogrammetry to digital photogrammetry. In order to increase the accuracy of image recognition and matching, people pay more attention on the various algorithms. A method of computer automatic identification marker points has been proposed in this paper. Each step has been discussed in detail, including image binarization, edge detection, scanning and testing standards. This method is an effective solution of the marker points in the photogrammetric problem of automatic identification. The Experimental results show that the method can identify the mark points efficiently thus improve the effectiveness of this method. A complete suit of decoding and matching methods have been presented for the characteristic of fan shape coding marked points. This method uses the characteristics of its shape fully avoiding the problem of excessive computing bought by the previous algorithm and the inaccurate of marked point matching. The Experimental data show that this simple method has high matching accuracy, and is easy to implement. When measuring a large work piece, they can not meet the actual demand, due to a limited number of coding points marked. So the use of non-coding marker points is needed. The matching is a difficult in marked points due to no non-coding marker point marker at the characteristics of coding shape. Based on the theory in projective geometry geometric invariants, by which the non-coding marker point-plane matching can be realized. The experimental results show that this method has a certain practicality and can also match effectively and efficiently in most non-coding markers point matching by using this method.