钛酸钡(BT)基陶瓷因其良好的压电性能、机械性能和机电耦合性能被认为是最有应用前景的环境友好型压电陶瓷体系之一。而多孔压电陶瓷由于其轻质化、出色的敏感性、较好的温度稳定性在深空、深海探测，微位移驱动器，智能制造加工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对BT基多孔压电陶瓷介电、压电等性能的温度稳定性的性能研究需要，本文开发相关测试设备，以BT(BaTiO₃)、BCT(Ba_0.8Ca_0.2TiO₃)、BCZT(Ba_0.99Ca_0.01Ti_0.98Zr_0.02O₃)三种陶瓷为研究对象，研究材料组成和多孔结构对其介电与压电温度特性的影响，为多孔压电陶瓷的应用与器件设计提供了科学依据和技术支持。

首先，为了深入探究多孔压电陶瓷的压电性能温度稳定性，研发了原位式准静态压电温度特性测试系统。自行设计并改进了变温管式炉、组装了激振器驱动、电荷放大、数据采集发送等模块。开发相应的的数据采集软件。该系统能有效测试压电温度特性，为研究多孔压电陶瓷压电性能温度特性提供了必要的测试手段。

采用固相法通过A、B位离子掺杂成功制备了BT、BCT与BCZT三种陶瓷，研究了材料组成对其介电与压电温度特性的影响，并基于第一性原理，模拟研究了其晶体结构、电子结构对性能的影响。模拟计算结果显示，掺杂改性后BT的带隙逐渐增大，价带降低，能态密度在价带顶部附近变大，光学介电峰的宽度增加，在光频段介电稳定性提高结果表明，改性后BT基陶瓷显示出介电常数可调、介电损耗明显降低，压电系数提高，压电系数的温度稳定性大大增加，其中BCZT陶瓷各方面性能最优为后续BT基多孔陶瓷的研究提供了理论基础。

采用造孔剂(PMMA)法成功制备了BT基多孔陶瓷，通过控制造孔剂含量调控多孔结构的孔隙率，得到了具有不同孔隙率的微球状多孔陶瓷，研究了多孔结构对陶瓷介电、压电温度特性以及谐响应特性的影响规律及作用机制。结果表明孔隙率的变化使得多孔陶瓷的介电常数可调，介电常数温度稳定性明显提高，介电损耗也有一定程度的变化；同时其压电性能的温度稳定性提高，在同样的温度变化情况下，其压电系数(d₃₃)变化率仅有0.11%，低于同类型致密陶瓷，5%PMMA的BCZT多孔陶瓷各方面性能最优。并设计了高厚径比的圆片状多孔压电陶瓷振子并对其镜像伸缩振动模态(LE模)谐振进行研究，结果表明LE模下谐振峰明显，无耦合并且易激发。同时采用有限元法进行计算模拟，BT基多孔陶瓷显示出了较高的温度稳定性，随着温度升高，一二阶径向伸缩振动的谐振频率变化率均在0.45%以内，反谐振频率的变化率均在0.35%以内，计算模拟所得与实验结果基本对应。为BT基多孔陶瓷在特殊环境中使用的微位移驱动器与智能制造加工器件的开发提供指导。

Barium titanate (BT)-based ceramics are considered to be one of the most environmentally friendly piezoelectric ceramic systems with the most promising applications due to their good piezoelectric properties, mechanical properties and electromechanical coupling properties. And porous piezoelectric ceramics have a broad application prospect in the fields of deep-space and deep-sea exploration, micro-displacement actuators, and intelligent manufacturing and processing due to their lightweight, excellent sensitivity, and better temperature stability. To address the need for performance studies on the temperature stability of dielectric and piezoelectric properties of BT-based porous piezoelectric ceramics, this paper develops related test equipment to study the effects of material composition and porous structure on the temperature stability of BT (BaTiO₃), BCT (Ba_0.8Ca_0.2TiO₃), BCZT (Ba_0.99Ca_0.01Ti_0.98Zr_0.02O₃) ceramics. The effect of material composition and porous structure on the dielectric and piezoelectric temperature characteristics of these ceramics is investigated to provide a scientific basis and technical support for the application and device design of porous piezoelectric ceramics.

Firstly, in order to deeply investigate the temperature stability of piezoelectric properties of porous piezoelectric ceramics, an in-situ quasi-static piezoelectric temperature characterization test system was developed. We designed and improved the variable temperature tube furnace, assembled the shaker drive, charge amplification, data acquisition and transmission modules. The corresponding data acquisition software is developed. The system can effectively test the piezoelectric temperature characteristics, for the study of porous piezoelectric ceramics piezoelectric performance temperature characteristics provide the necessary test means.

Three kinds of ceramics, BT, BCT and BCZT, have been successfully prepared by solid-phase method through ion doping at A and B sites, and the effects of material composition on their dielectric and piezoelectric temperature characteristics have been investigated, and the effects of their crystal and electronic structures on their performances have been simulated and studied on the basis of the first nature principle. Simulation results show that the band gap of BT gradually increases after doping modification, the valence band decreases, the density of energy states becomes larger near the top of the valence band, the width of the optical dielectric peak increases, and the dielectric stability increases in the optical frequency band The results show that modified BT-based ceramics display adjustable dielectric constants, a significant decrease in dielectric loss, an increase in piezoelectricity coefficients, and a great increase in the temperature stability of piezoelectricity coefficients, among which BCZT ceramics have the best performance for the subsequent BT-based polymerization of the ceramics in all aspects. The optimal performance provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of BT-based porous ceramics.

BT-based porous ceramics were successfully prepared using the pore-forming agent (PMMA) method, and micro-spherical porous ceramics with different porosities were obtained by controlling the pore-forming agent content to regulate the porosity of the porous structure, and the laws and mechanisms of the porous structure's influence on the ceramic's dielectric and piezoelectric temperature properties as well as the harmonic response characteristics were investigated. The results show that the change of porosity makes the porous ceramic dielectric constant adjustable, the dielectric constant temperature stability is significantly improved, the dielectric loss also has a certain degree of change; at the same time its piezoelectric properties of the temperature stability is improved, in the same temperature change, the piezoelectric coefficient of variation (d₃₃) is only 0.11%, which is lower than that of the same type of dense ceramics, 5% PMMA BCZT porous ceramic performance is optimal in various aspects. The BCZT porous ceramic with 5% PMMA has the best performance in all aspects. A circular porous piezoelectric ceramic oscillator with a high thickness-to-diameter ratio is designed and its resonance in the mirror-expansion vibration mode (LE mode) is investigated, and the results show that the resonance peaks in the LE mode are obvious, uncoupled and easy to be excited. At the same time, using the finite element method for computational simulation, BT-based porous ceramics show high temperature stability, with the temperature increase, the resonance frequency of the first and second-order radial telescopic vibration of the resonance frequency change rate of 0.45% or less, the anti-resonance frequency of the rate of change of 0.35% or less, the computational simulation results with the experimental results basically correspond to the simulation. Guidance for the development of microdisplacement actuators and smart manufacturing and processing devices for BT-based porous ceramics used in special environments.