超级电容器作为一种重要的贮能原器件以其特有的性能在能源领域占有重要的地位。本论文首先进行炭气凝胶的制备，之后将氧化镍引入其中，制成炭气凝胶/氧化镍材料，以苯胺为原料通过化学氧化聚合法制成炭气凝胶/氧化镍/聚苯胺复合材料，将其制成超级电容器电极，探究相关的电化学性能。具体研究内容及结果如下： 采用间苯二酚和甲醛为原料，以摩尔比为2:1且溶液浓度为10%的条件下，制备炭气凝胶，采用红外光谱、XRD等方法对其进行测试，实验得出：在催化剂用量相同的条件下，较高的温度制成的溶胶凝胶体所用的时间较短；在相同的温度下，较多的催化剂用量所形成溶胶凝胶体的时间越短；在整个溶胶凝胶体的制备中当温度过低时无法形成凝胶体（本实验在20℃的条件下未能制备成功），这时与其凝胶时间无关。在干燥温度为40℃、nR：nC=300时，所制得的炭气凝胶材料的比表面积为334m2/g。 将氧化镍添加到炭气凝胶中制得炭气凝胶/氧化镍材料，再通过氧化聚合法制备炭气凝胶/氧化镍/聚苯胺复合材料。采用循环伏安法、电导率测试、SEM、TG等进行测试。结果表明：循环伏安曲线与炭气凝胶、氧化镍所占的份数有一定关系，最佳占比为氧化镍占比炭气凝胶40%，炭气凝胶/氧化镍占比32%。此时复合材料的电导率为19S/cm。在热重测试温度范围（0~800℃），样品最后残余量与炭气凝胶/氧化镍所占比例保持基本一致。 在炭气凝胶/氧化镍/聚苯胺复合材料中添加导电剂（聚乙炔）、粘结剂（PVDF），经压片、烘干等工艺制备成超级电容器电极，以1mol/L硝酸钠为电解液，采用循环伏安法、交流阻抗法、恒流充放电等测试方法对其进行测试，测试结果显示：炭气凝胶表现出典型的双电层特性，氧化镍和聚苯胺表现出典型的法拉第电容（赝电容）。炭气凝胶/氧化镍/聚苯胺复合电极材料的贮能机理为双电层贮能机理和法拉第电容（赝电容）贮能机理共同作用；在电流密度为0.2A g-1条件下的比电容为286F g-1。随着恒流充放电电流的增大其自身电容性能出现下降，当电流密度为 5.0A g-1时电容保持率为58%；随着炭材料在复合材料中含量的增加，复合材料的电容保持率明显提高。

As an important energy storage device, super capacitor plays an important role in energy field.This literary grace for preparation of carbon aerogels, especially the first, after introducing nickel oxide, made of carbon aerogel/nickel oxide, using aniline as raw materials through chemical oxidative polymerization method into carbon aerogel/nickel oxide/polyaniline composite material, its made of super capacitor electrode, explore related electrochemical performance.Specific research contents and results are as follows: Using resorcinol and formaldehyde as raw materials, molar ratio of 2:1 and under the conditions of the solution concentration was 10%, the preparation of carbon aerogels, the methods of ir, XRD to test it, the experiment concluded that the catalyst under the same conditions, the higher the temperature of the sol gel made of short time;At the same temperature, the time of sol gel formed by more catalyst dosage is shorter;In the preparation of the sol gel when the temperature is too low unable to form gel (this experiment under the condition of 20℃to the preparation of success), which had nothing to do with gel time.The drying temperature of 40 ℃, nR: nC = 300, carbon aerogel materials made by the specific surface area of 334 m2 / g. Nickel oxide was added to the carbon aerogel to make carbon aerogel/nickel oxide material, and the carbon aerogel/nickel/polyaniline composite was prepared by oxidation polymerization.The cyclic voltammetry, conductivity test, SEM and TG were used.The results show that the cyclic volt-ampere curve has some relation to the number of carbon aerogel and nickel oxide, and the best proportion is nickel oxide, which accounts for 40% of the carbon aerogel, and the carbon aerogel/nickel oxide accounts for 32%.The conductivity of the composite material is 19S/cm.In the temperature range of thermal retest (0~800℃), the residual amount of the sample was basically consistent with that of carbon aerogel/nickel oxide. In carbon aerogel/nickel oxide/polyaniline composite conductive agent is added (polyacetylene), adhesive (PVDF), the pelleting, drying process such as the preparation of super capacitor electrode, with 1mol/L sodium nitrate as the electrolyte, using cyclic voltammetry, ac impedance method and constant current charge and discharge testing method to test it, the test results showed that carbon aerogel showed the typical characteristics of electric double layer, nickel oxide and polyaniline showed typical Faraday capacitance (constraint capacitance).The mechanism of storage energy of carbon aerogel/ni/polyaniline composite electrode materials is the mechanism of double layer storage and the mechanism of Faraday capacitance (pseudo capacitance).The specific capacitance at the current density of 0.2A g-1 is 286F g-1。With the increase of the constant current charging and discharging current, the capacitance of the capacitor is decreased, and the capacitance remains at 58% when the current density is 5.0A∙g-1.With the increase of the content of carbon materials in composites, the capacitance retention rate of the composites increased significantly.