硅橡胶泡沫（SRF）具有较高热稳定性的同时也具有一定的燃烧性，暴露在明火中容易发生分解燃烧，且点燃后内部会产生孔洞结构，为气流的进入提供了条件，导致燃烧加剧并释放出大量的热量和烟雾，对人体和环境构成巨大威胁。蒙脱土（MMT）与水滑石（LDH）均是粘土类阻燃剂，已被应用到多种聚合物泡沫的阻燃研究中。但MMT与聚合物基体相容性差，通常采用表面改性技术来改善与基体的相容性。本文制备了有机改性MMT（OMMT）、无机改性MMT（IMMT）、有机-无机复合改性MMT（OIMMT），通过共沉淀法制备了两种LDHs（LDHs-1、LDHs-2），并通过XRD、FTIR对其结构特征进行表征，采用氧指数测试仪、锥形量热仪等测试了改性MMT与LDHs对SRF复合材料阻燃抑烟性能的影响，利用热重红外联用及扫描电镜分析了SRF复合材料的热分解过程、热解产物、残炭形貌，探究了OIMMT 与LDHs-2对SRF材料的阻燃抑烟机理。主要研究结论如下：

（1）制备的各类改性MMT的特征衍射峰均向小角方向移动，层间距扩大，IMMT在1000 cm^-1处附近的峰面积增大，OMMT与OIMMT在1482 cm^-1处出现了烷基伸缩振动峰；LDHs具有典型的水滑石结构，且在较低波数段813 cm^-1至467 cm^-1范围内出现层间氧晶格（Ni-O、Mg-O、Al-O、Zn-O）的振动吸收峰，说明改性MMT与LDHs均被成功制备。

（2）各类改性MMT与LDHs均能在一定范围内提高SRF复合材料的阻燃抑烟性能，其中复合改性MMT（OIMMT）与LDHs-2提升效果最优，最佳添加比例分别为2wt%、5wt%，氧指数最高分别达到了28.8%、28.3%，且热释放速率峰值（PHRR）分别为122.74  kW/m²、103.06 kW/m²，烟释放速率峰值（PSPR）、总产烟量（TSP）及CO₂释放速率均有明显下降，最大烟密度（MSD）与烟密度等级（SDR）均为最低，火灾蔓延指数（FGI）降低，火安全性能提高。

（3）将优选出的OIMMT与LDHs-2按不同比例复配添加到SRF材料中，并对比分析OIMMT/LDHs-2/SRF复合材料的燃烧行为。结果表明：OIMMT与LDHs-2对SRF复合材料具有协同阻燃效果，当分别添加2wt%OIMMT与3wt%LDHs-2时，SRF复合材料的氧指数达到了28.9%，相较纯SRF提高了6.25%，热释放速率峰值为91.99 kW/m²，较纯SRF降低了47.24%，且到达热释放速率峰值的时间也有所延迟，烟释放速率峰值为0.017 m²/s，较纯SRF也有所降低。在上述添加比例下，SRF复合材料的断裂伸长率提高。

（4）对比纯SRF、2wt%OIMMT/SRF、3wt%LDHs-2/SRF与2wt%OIMMT/3wt%LDHs-2/SRF四个样品的残炭形貌与热解行为，结果表明OIMMT 与LDHs-2复配可以形成更为致密紧实的炭层，可以有效隔绝热量与氧气，且提高了SRF材料的热分解温度，提升SRF材料的热稳定性。OIMMT/LDHs-2/SRF复合材料高温条件下热解生成H₂O和CO₂等不可燃性气体，显著降低了SRF复合材料表面的可燃气体浓度，从而有效提高SRF材料的阻燃性能。

Silicone rubber foam (SRF) has high thermal stability and also has a certain flammability, which is easy to decompose and burn when exposed to open flames, and will produce a cavity structure inside after ignition, which provides conditions for the entry of airflow, resulting in intensified combustion and the release of a large amount of heat and smoke, posing a huge threat to the human body and the environment. Montmorillonite (MMT) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) are clay-based flame retardants that have been applied to the flame retardant research of a variety of polymer foams. However, MMT has poor compatibility with polymer matrices, and surface modification technology is often used to improve compatibility with the matrix. In this paper, organically modified MMT (OMMT), inorganic modified MMT (IMMT) and organic-inorganic modified MMT (OIMMT) were prepared, and two LDHs (LDHs-1 and LDHs-2) were prepared by co-precipitation method, and their structural characteristics were characterized by XRD and FTIR. The effects of modified MMT and LDHs on the flame retardant and smoke inhibition properties of SRF composites were tested by oxygen index tester and cone calorimeter, and the thermal decomposition process, pyrolysis products and carbon residue morphology of SRF composites were analyzed by thermogravimetric-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanism of OIMMT and LDHs-2 on SRF materials was explored. The main conclusions of the study were as follows:

(1) The characteristic diffraction peaks of various modified MMT moved to the small angle direction, the layer spacing expanded, the peak area of IMMT near 1000 cm^-1 increased, and the alkyl stretching vibration peak appeared at 1482 cm^-1 between OMMT and OIMMT. LDHs had a typical hydrotalcite structure, and the vibrational absorption peaks of interlaminar oxygen lattice (Ni-O, Mg-O, Al-O, Zn-O) appeared in the lower wavenumber range from 813 cm^-1 to 467 cm^-1, indicating that both modified MMT and LDHs were successfully prepared.

(2) All kinds of modified MMT and LDHs could improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of SRF composites within a certain range, among which the organic-inorganic modified montmorillonite (OIMMT) and LDHs-2 had the best improvement effect, the optimal addition ratio were 2wt% and 5wt%, the oxygen index reached the highest 28.8% and 28.3%, and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) were 122.74 kW/m² and 103.06 kW/m², respectively, and the peak smoke release rate (PSPR), total smoke production (TSP) and CO₂ emission rate were significantly reduced, the maximum smoke density (MSD) and smoke density level (SDR) were the lowest, the fire spread index (FGI) was reduced, and the fire safety performance was improved.

(3) The optimized OIMMT and LDHs-2 were added to the SRF materials in different proportions, and the combustion behavior of the OIMMT/LDHs-2/SRF composites were compared and analyzed. When 2wt%OIMMT and 3wt%LDHs-2 were added, the oxygen index of SRF composites reached 28.9%, which was 6.25% higher than that of pure SRF, and the peak heat release rate was 91.99 kW/m², which was 47.24% lower than that of pure SRF, and the time to reach the peak heat release rate was also delayed, and the peak smoke release rate was 0.017 m²/s, was also lower than that of pure SRF. Under the above addition ratio, the elongation at break of SRF composites increased.

(4) Comparing the carbon residue morphology, pyrolysis behavior of four typical samples: pure SRF, 2wt%OIMMT/SRF, 3wt%LDHs-2/SRF and 2wt%OIMMT/3wt%LDHs-2/SRF, the results showed that the combination of OIMMT and LDHs-2 can form a denser and more compact carbon layer, which could effectively play the role of heat insulation and oxygen insulation, and increased the thermal decomposition temperature and thermal stability of SRF materials. The pyrolysis of OIMMT/LDHs-2/SRF composites under high temperature conditions to generate non-flammable gases such as H₂O and CO₂ significantly reduced the concentration of combustible gases on the surface of SRF composites, thereby effectively improving the flame retardant properties of SRF materials..

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