注浆加固技术是解决煤矿破碎煤岩体支护难题的有效手段之一，但注浆加固效果与注浆材料本身性能和其对破碎煤岩体的加固能力及在破碎围岩中的渗流扩散能力紧密相关。当前矿用聚氨酯类加固技术存在着材料的反应温度高、强度低，注浆参数大多依靠经验确定等问题，此外在材料使用过程中还存在注浆材料浆液比例失调影响材料的加固性能和依靠大量人工搬运的问题，这些问题制约矿用聚氨酯类材料的应用。针对存在的问题，论文采用实验室试验、理论分析、数值模拟、井下工业性试验和现场监测相结合的方法，研制了一种新型的低温高强环氧树脂硅酸盐复合改性聚氨酯注浆材料(SCPJG)，揭示了 SCPJG 的注浆加固与渗透扩散机理，取得以下研究成果：

（1）发现在硅酸盐改性聚氨酯材料中引入环氧树脂 E51 进一步复合改性可降低材料最高反应温度且提高强度，研制出了一种新型的低温高强环氧树脂硅酸盐复合改性聚氨酯注浆材料(SCPJG)，其最高反应温度从 100℃下降到 90.1℃，抗压强度达到42MPa，其基础配方为：B 组分中环氧树脂 E51 含量 15%，PM200 含量 80%，稀释剂选择 AGE；A 组分中选择波美度 45、模数 2.8 的硅酸钠溶液，催化剂选择复配的叔胺类催化剂。

（2）开展了模拟施工工艺大样试验、浆液比例失调力学性能试验、井下地下水和有毒有害气体检测试验，结果表明：SCPJG 模拟施工工艺大样最高反应温度 92.1℃，满足标准 120℃的要求；浆液比例失调影响注浆加固效果，其抗压强度、抗拉强度和内聚力最高分别下降约 47.2%、87.3%和 12.6%， 针对浆液比例失调问题，设计了一种精准双液气动注浆泵；SCPJG 的使用对地下水的影响和释放有毒有害气体符合要求。

（3）通过对完整煤岩和 SCPJG 注浆固结破碎煤岩开展相同条件下的压缩、巴西劈裂和剪切试验，得到完整煤岩的单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、内聚力和内摩擦角分别为 22.78MPa、2.51MPa、3MPa 和 40.7°。而用 SCPJG 对破碎煤岩注浆改性后，其对应强度分别恢复到原完整煤岩强度的 35.38%、47.81%、54.67%和 103.19%，表明 SCPJG对破碎煤岩具有较好的注浆改性能力。揭示了 SCPJG 对破碎煤岩的注浆加固机理，其表现为界面充填粘结增强作用、构建网络骨架承载结构和转变破坏机制作用。针对注浆材料浆液比例失调影响材料的加固性能和依靠大量人工搬运的问题，提出了远距离快速精准注浆工艺技术体系。

（4） 基于试验结果和现场监测结果，将煤岩简化为孔隙-裂隙双重介质，结合渗流力学、流固耦合理论和 Weibull 随机分布理论，构建了基于孔隙和裂隙随机分布的破碎煤岩体内 SCPJG 注浆渗流扩散模型，并将所建模型嵌入多场耦合分析软件 COMSOLMultiphysics 中，建立了考虑孔隙度和渗透率动态变化的 SCPJG 浆液流动扩散数值分析模型。利用该模型系统研究了 SCPJG 浆液在孔隙和裂隙煤岩内的渗透扩散规律及影响因素，揭示了 SCPJG 浆液的渗流扩散机理。其结果表明：煤岩内孔隙度分布越不均匀，其渗透率的分布范围越大； 均匀性指数 m 越小，SCPJG 浆液在沿方向的渗透扩散范围的差异越大，即形成不均匀的扩散形态；SCPJG 浆液的动力黏度越小，其流动性能越好，越有利于 SCPJG 浆液在煤岩内的快速流动扩散，并达到稳定状态； SCPJG 浆液在开度较大的裂隙内具有流动扩散优势，且会使周围临近的 SCPJG 浆液向其流动，且裂隙开度为影响 SCPJG 渗透扩散的主控因素。

（5）采用渗透性试验和浆液扩散模拟试验，研究了 SCPJG 浆液在不同粒径煤岩内的渗透性和扩散能力，结果表明：SCPJG 在粒径越大的颗粒煤岩堆积成的破碎煤岩内的渗透性越好，但同一粒径范围内的多种粒径的级配组合将显著降低破碎煤岩的渗透性；SCPJG 浆液在破碎煤岩内的渗透扩散能力优于普通水泥和超细水泥等矿用无机材料，且在注浆时呈径向扩散并绕注浆管高度形成近似圆柱破碎煤岩胶结体。

（6） 在孟村煤矿中央一号回风大巷断层破碎区进行了 SCPJG 注浆加固工程实践。现场监测得到了围岩的裂隙发育特征和 SCPJG 浆液的扩散范围，结合数值模拟，获得了围岩变形破坏范围和 SCPJG 的渗透扩散规律。基于此，提出了一种以中空注浆锚索为核心的分区域全断面锚注支护方案，并优化了支护参数。监测结果表明，井下注浆效果良好，验证了本论文研究成果的正确性。

低温高强环氧树脂硅酸盐复合改性聚氨酯注浆材料及注浆加固机理的研究，提高了矿用高分子材料使用的安全性，进一步完善了破碎煤岩体注浆加固体系，目前已广泛应用于国内主要采煤矿区，对保障矿井安全高效智能开采具有重要意义。

Grouting reinforcement technology is one of the effective means to solve the support problems under complex geological conditions in coal mines. However, the effectiveness of grouting reinforcement is closely correlated with the properties of grouting materials, their ability to reinforce broken coal and rock mass, and their seepage and diffusion ability in broken surrounding rock. The mine polyurethane reinforcement technology now faces issues with high reaction temperatures and low material strengths, and the grouting parameters are mostly based on experience.In addition, there are still some problems in the use of materials, such as the imbalance of grouting materials affecting the reinforcement performance of materials and a lot of manual handling, which restrict the application of mine polymer materials.In view of the existing problems, a new type of low-temperature and high-strength epoxy resin silicate composite modified polyurethane grouting material (SCPJG) was developed by combining laboratory test, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, underground industrial test and field monitoring.The grouting reinforcement and infiltration diffusion mechanism of SCPJG were obtained, and the following research findings were made:

(1)It has been discovered that adding epoxy resin E51 to silicate-modified polyurethane materials can decrease the maximum reaction temperature while increasing the strength of the materials. A new type of low-temperature high-strength epoxy resin silicate composite modified polyurethane grouting material (SCPJG) is developed, with the maximum reaction temperature reduced from 100℃ to 90.1℃ and the compressive strength reaching 42MPa. Its basic formula is as follows: component B contains 15% of epoxy resin E51, 80% of PM200, and AGE as the diluent. Compound tertiary amine catalyst with a Baume degree of 45 and a modulus of 2.8 has been selected for component A's sodium silicate solution.

(2)Large-scale test of simulated construction technology, mechanical property test of slurry imbalance and groundwater and toxic and harmful gas detection test were carried out.The findings indicate that the SCPJG simulated construction technology sample's maximum reaction temperature is 92.1°C, which satisfies the standard 120°C. The imbalance of slurry ratio affects the effect of grouting reinforcement, and its compressive strength, tensile strength and cohesion decrease by about 47.2%, 87.3% and 12.6% respectively.An accurate two-liquid pneumatic grouting pump is created with the imbalance of slurry ratio in mind. The environmental assessment of SCPJG satisfies the standards.

(3)By conducting compression, Brazilian splitting, and shear tests on intact coal and rock as well as fractured coal and rock consolidated by SCPJG grouting under the same conditions, the uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of intact coal and rock are 22.78 MPa, 2.51 MPa, 3 MPa, and 40.7 MPa, respectively. However, after grouting modification with SCPJG, the corresponding strength of crushed coal and rock is restored to 35.38%, 47.81%, 54.67%, and 103.19%, respectively, of the original strength of intact coal and rock. This demonstrates that SCPJG has good grouting modification ability for crushed coal and rock. The grouting reinforcement mechanism of SCPJG for fractured coal and rock is revealed, which is manifested in the strengthening effect of interface filling with adhesive (glue), the construction of network skeleton bearing structure and the transformation of failure mechanism.. A long-distance rapid and accurate grouting process system has been established in order to address the issues of an imbalanced percentage of grouting materials and a lot of manual handling.

(4)Based on the test results and field monitoring results, coal and rock are simplified as dual medium of pores and fractures, and combined with seepage mechanics, fluid-solid coupling theory and Weibull random distribution theory, a seepage and diffusion model of SCPJG grouting in fractured coal and rock is established, and the model is embedded in multi-field coupling analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics, and a numerical analysis model of SCPJG slurry flow and diffusion considering the dynamic changes of porosity and permeability is established. This model is used to investigate the seepage and diffusion law, as well as the influencing factors of SCPJG slurry in porous and fractured coal and rock. The model also reveals the seepage and diffusion mechanism of SCPJG slurry. The findings indicate that:①The distribution range of its permeability increases with the degree of porosity distribution in coal and rock; ②The disparity between the penetration and diffusion range of SCPJG slurry along the direction increases with decreasing uniformity index m, leading to the formation of an uneven diffusion form; ③As SCPJG slurry's dynamic viscosity decreases, its fluidity improves, making it easier for it to diffuse and flow quickly through coal and rock to achieve a stable condition; ④SCPJG slurry has the advantage of flow and diffusion in the fracture with large opening, and it will make the adjacent SCPJG slurry flow to it, and the opening of the fracture is the main factor affecting the penetration and diffusion of SCPJG.

(5)The permeability and diffusion ability of SCPJG slurry in coal and rock with different particle sizes are studied by permeability test and slurry diffusion simulation test. The findings indicate that the greater the particle size, the better the permeability of SCPJG in broken coal and rock, but that gradation combining different particle sizes in the same particle size range will significantly reduce the permeability of broken coal and rock.. The penetration and diffusion ability of SCPJG slurry in broken coal and rock are superior to those of regular cement and superfine cement, and it diffuses radially during grouting and forms a nearly cylindrical cemented body around the height of grouting pipe.

(6)SCPJG grouting reinforcement engineering practice was carried out in the fault fracture area of No.1 return air roadway in Mengcun Coal Mine. Field monitoring is used to find out the diffusion range of the SCPJG slurry and the fracture development characteristics of the surrounding rock. Combined with numerical simulation, the deformation and failure range of surrounding rock and the seepage and diffusion law of SCPJG are obtained. Based on this, a regional full-face bolting and grouting support scheme with hollow grouting anchor cable as the core is proposed, and the support parameters are optimized. The monitoring results show that the underground grouting effect is good, which verifies the correctness of the research results of this paper.

The safety of mine polymer materials has been improved due to research on low temperature and high strength epoxy resin silicate composite modified polyurethane grouting material, grouting reinforcement, which also contributed to mine grouting engineering and grouting design and further improved the grouting reinforcement system of broken coal and rock mass. It is currently widely used in major domestic mining areas, which is quite important for ensuring the safe, efficient and intelligent mining of coal resources