我国倾斜煤层煤炭储量约占煤炭资源总量的35 %，其开发利用在我国能源战略中具有举足轻重的地位，但由于倾斜煤层巷道围岩应力环境复杂，非对称变形破坏特征显著，导致巷道支护难度大，严重制约了倾斜煤层煤炭资源安全高效开采。由于巷道断面形状及煤层倾角效应影响，致使倾斜煤层巷道围岩应力-变形的力学分析困难，主应力大小和方向的传递规律揭示不清。目前，对倾斜煤层巷道围岩应力分布及变形破坏机理缺乏系统研究，在巷道围岩的控制技术研究方面仍需完善。

因此，本文以石炭井二矿区倾斜煤层巷道为工程背景，采用理论分析、数值模拟、相似物理模型试验及现场工程试验等研究方法，对倾斜煤层巷道围岩应力及变形破坏分布规律、主应力传递路径的演化特征、考虑主应力方向偏转的自稳平衡圈失稳机制进行研究，并提出了倾斜煤层直角梯形巷道围岩变形的控制技术。主要工作及研究成果如下：

利用复变函数及弹性力学理论，构建了倾斜煤层巷道围岩力学模型，改进了映射函数求解方法，引入倾角系数，推导出适用于任意倾角及断面形状巷道围岩应力及位移的解析解，揭示了倾斜煤层巷道围岩非对称应力分布规律及渐进破坏机理，即左帮（高帮）顶角位置首先破坏-两帮浅部围岩破坏-顶板有效长度增大-两帮破坏向深部延伸-进入破坏的恶性循环。基于巷道围岩位移解析解和计算几何，建立了倾斜煤层巷道非对称变形度计算模型，实现了具有时序性和区域性的巷道非对称变形程度的定量化和可视化表征。

（2）采用数值模拟方法，对不同倾角、不同断面形状的倾斜煤层巷道在不同荷载作用下围岩应力、变形及塑性区进行分析，揭示了倾斜煤层巷道围岩渐进性非对称破坏规律，得出巷道围岩应力峰值及应力集中区呈现右帮（低帮）大于左帮（高帮）的非对称分布特征，倾角越大，其非对称分布特征越明显。随着荷载的增加，巷道围岩应力集中程度及变形越大，巷道围岩应力集中区由浅部向深部转移。其中直角梯形巷道围岩非对称应力集中程度和变形破坏最严重。

（3）开展了不同倾角、不同断面形状倾斜煤层巷道相似物理模型试验，改进了DIC测量技术，实现了巷道围岩应力场及主应变偏转轨迹的实时监测，揭示了非对称应力分布及应力方向偏转组合条件下倾斜煤层巷道围岩变形破坏规律，发现了直角梯形巷道顶板岩层形成非对称拱形主应变传递包络特征，且其自稳平衡圈呈现向左帮（高帮）偏转的半椭圆形。倾角越大，巷道围岩非对称变形破坏越明显。直角梯形巷道变形破坏最为严重，其左帮（高帮）顶角位置首先出现沿煤层倾斜方向的裂隙，该裂隙的扩展作为巷道围岩渐进性变形破坏的诱发点，是巷道围岩稳定性控制的关键。

（4）采用弹性力学理论及数值模拟分析出倾斜煤层直角梯形巷道围岩主应力矢量场及应力传递路径呈现非对称演化特征，揭示了主应力偏转对巷道围岩变形破坏的驱动效应，并通过了相似物理模型试验验证。主应力偏转现象影响巷道围岩承载能力和破坏模式，定义了主应力偏转作用下的巷道围岩稳定度F_s，当F_s大于0，巷道处于稳定状态。提出了巷道左帮（高帮）尖角处裂隙发育控制方法，划分了围岩主应力方向敏感区，可在巷道左帮（高帮）尖角处布设锚杆来改变主应力偏转轨迹，将主应力方向驱离方向敏感区，提高巷道围岩稳定度。

（5）建立了考虑主应力方向偏转的倾斜煤层直角梯形巷道自稳平衡圈力学模型，分析了其边界应力状态，阐明了自稳平衡圈稳定性调控机制。并结合巷道围岩非对称应力分布、主应力偏转效应及渐进变形破坏特征，提出了非对称支护原则：锚杆（索）、金属网非对称联合支护，增加巷道围岩的稳定性；加强巷道薄弱部位的支护，降低自稳平衡圈应力状态等级；根据主应力偏转角度进行差异化支护，改善非对称变形破坏；优化锚杆（索）安装角度，控制主应力偏转轨迹。设计“锚杆（索）向右帮（低帮）倾斜布置，帮角弱化区加密加长支护”的非对称支护方案，并进行了数值模拟及现场工程试验验证，支护效果良好。

Inclined coal seam coal reserves account for 35 % of the total coal resources in China, and its development and utilization plays an important role in energy strategy. However, due to the complex surrounding rock stress environment and significant asymmetric deformation and failure characteristics of inclined coal seam roadway, which leads to the difficulty of roadway support. It has seriously restricted the safe and efficient mining of coal resources in inclined coal seams. Due to the influence of roadway section shape and coal seam inclination effect, which leads to the difficulty of mechanical analysis of roadway's surrounding rock stress-deformation in inclined coal seam and the unclear transmission law of the magnitude and direction of principal stress. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the stress distribution and deformation failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock in inclined coal seam, and the research on the control technology of roadway's surrounding rock still needs to be improved.

Therefore, taking the inclined coal seam roadway in Shitanjing No. 2 mining area as the engineering background, using the research methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, similar physical simulation test and field engineering test, this paper studies the asymmetric stress and deformation failure distribution law of roadway's surrounding rock in inclined coal seam , the evolution characteristics of principal stress transfer path, and the instability mechanism of self stable equilibrium circle considering principal stress deflection. The control technology of surrounding rock deformation of right angle trapezoidal roadway in inclined coal seam is put forward. The main work and research results are as follows:

The mechanical model of roadway's surrounding rock in inclined coal seam is constructed by using complex variable function and elastic mechanics theory, the mapping function solving method is improved, and the inclination coefficient is introduced, which deduces the analytical solution of stress and deformation of roadway's surrounding rock suitable for arbitrary inclination and section shape. The asymmetric stress distribution law and progressive deformation failure mechanism of the roadway surrounding rock of inclined coal seam are revealed, that is, the sharp corner on the roof's left side is first destroyed - the shallow surrounding rock of the two sides is destroyed - the effective span of the roof is increased - the two sides are destroyed and extended to the deep - into the vicious cycle of destruction. Based on the analytical solution of displacement and computational geometry, the calculation model of asymmetric deformation degree of inclined coal seam roadway is established, and the quantitative and visual representation of roadway's asymmetric deformation degree with timing and regionality is realized.

The stress, deformation and plastic zone of surrounding rock of inclined coal seam roadway with different inclination and different section shapes under different loads are analyzed by numerical simulation method. The progressive asymmetric failure law of roadway surrounding rock is revealed quantitatively and intuitively, that is, the peak stress and stress concentration area of roadway surrounding rock in inclined coal seam show an asymmetric distribution trend that the right side is greater than the left side. With the increase of dip angle, the asymmetric distribution characteristics of roadway surrounding rock are more obvious, and the asymmetric stress concentration and deformation failure of right angle trapezoidal roadway surrounding rock are the most serious.With the increase of load, the greater the stress concentration and deformation, and the stress concentration area transfers from shallow to deep.

The similar physical model tests of inclined coal seam roadway with different dip angles and different section shapes are carried out, the DIC measurement technology is improved, the real-time monitoring of roadway surrounding rock stress field and principal strain deflection trajectory is realized, and the deformation and failure law of inclined coal seam roadway under the condition of asymmetric stress distribution and stress direction deflection combination is revealed. It is found that the asymmetric arch principal strain transmission envelope is formed in the roof rock of right angle trapezoidal roadway, and its self stable equilibrium circle presents a semi oval deflection to the left side. With the increase of dip angle, the asymmetric deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock is more obvious, and the deformation and damage of right angle trapezoidal roadway is the most serious. The crack along the inclined direction of the coal seam first appears at the roof corner of the left side, which is the key to the stability control of the roadway.

The transmission path of the principal stress component and direction of the roadway surrounding rock in inclined coal seam is analyzed by using the theory of elasticity and numerical simulation method, and the asymmetric evolution characteristics of the principal stress deflection and its driving effect on the deformation and failure of the roadway are revealed, which is verified by the similar physical simulation test. The phenomenon of principal stress deflection affects the bearing capacity and failure mode of roadway, and the stability F_s of roadway surrounding rock under the action of principal stress deflection is defined. When F_s﹥0, the two sides of roadway are stable. The crack development control method at the sharp corner of the left side is put forward, and the sensitive area of the main stress direction of the surrounding rock is divided. The method of arranging bolts at the sharp corner of the left side is proposed to change the stress deflection track, drive the main stress direction away from the sensitive area of the direction, and improve the stability of the roadway's surrounding rock.

The mechanical model of self stable balance circle of right angle trapezoidal roadway in inclined coal seam considering the deflection of principal stress direction is established, the boundary stress state is analyzed, and the stability control mechanism of self stable balance circle is clarified. Combined with the asymmetric stress distribution, principal stress deflection effect and progressive deformation and failure characteristics of roadway's surrounding rock, the asymmetric support principle is put forward: asymmetric combined support of bolt (cable) and metal mesh to increase the stability of roadway surrounding rock; Strengthen the support of weak parts of roadway and reduce the stress state grade of self stable balance circle; Differential support is carried out according to the deflection angle of principal stress to improve asymmetric deformation and failure; Optimize the installation angle of anchor bolt (cable) and control the deflection track of principal stress. The asymmetric support scheme of "the anchor bolt (cable) is inclined to the right side, and area of sharp corner is densified and extended support" is designed, and verified by numerical simulation and field engineering test.

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