水是应用最广泛的天然灭火剂，在水中加入一些化学物质来改变水的物理特性，可以使水的黏度、润湿力和附着力向着有利于灭火的方向改变。凝胶具有很好的锁水性可极大改善灭火时大量水流失导致无法参与灭火的问题，泡沫具有空间膨胀性可极大增加水基灭火剂的覆盖面积问题。因此，本文结合了凝胶灭火剂和泡沫灭火剂的特点，制备了凝胶泡沫灭火剂，再通过灭火性能的研究分析凝胶泡沫灭火剂的灭火原理，对消防工作具有重要的意义。

 本文首先通过调研并结合凝胶的特点，设计与搭建了凝胶泡沫灭火系统。其次研究了凝胶泡沫中的发泡剂配方，通过发泡倍数测试方法和半衰期稳定性测试方法以及泡沫析液测试方法测得各泡沫性能，对比不同表面活性剂泡沫的发泡性、稳定性以及析液特性，优选出2种表面活性剂进行不同复配比例的泡沫性能测试，并研究不同浓度对表面活性剂的发泡性能影响，确定了发泡剂的组成及配比。配比实验表明，当α-烯基磺酸钠与十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面活性剂在2:1，发泡剂总浓度占总质量的0.6 %，泡沫性能较为优秀。

随后在发泡剂配方的基础之上，加入胶状和颗粒状的凝胶灭火剂，制备出凝胶泡沫灭火剂，研究了不同物理形状的凝胶灭火剂对泡沫性能的影响。并通过复配胶状凝胶灭火剂和颗粒状凝胶灭火剂，研究胶状凝胶和颗粒型凝胶不同复配比例对泡沫的性能影响。其次研究了凝胶的浓度对泡沫性能的影响，以及研究了凝胶泡沫的宏观变化以及微观结构。最终确定了凝胶泡沫的最终配方为：α-烯基磺酸钠与十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面活性剂在2:1，发泡剂总浓度占总质量的 0.6 %；羧甲基纤维素钠与淀粉接枝丙烯酸盐复配比例为1:6，凝胶总浓度占总质量的0.4 %。

通过对比三种不同灭火剂对小型A类木垛火的灭火性能，分别分析了泡沫灭火剂、胶体灭火剂以及凝胶泡沫灭火剂的灭火原理。最后开展了凝胶泡沫灭1A木垛火灭火实验以及B类油盘火灭火实验，分析了凝胶泡沫无法扑灭1A木垛火的原因。最终在综合评定下，凝胶泡沫灭火剂在三种灭火剂中灭火性能较好，其中凝胶泡沫灭小型A类木垛火的火焰高度降到木垛表面时间为14 s，灭火时间为43 s。凝胶泡沫灭B类油盘火灭火时间为14 s。

Water is the most widely used natural fire extinguishing agent, adding some chemical substances to water to change the physical properties of water, can make the viscosity, wetting force and adhesion of water in the direction of favorable fire extinguishing change. Gel has a good water lock can greatly improve the loss of a large amount of water when the fire can not participate in the problem of fire extinguishing, foam with space expansion can greatly increase the coverage of water-based extinguishing agents. Therefore, this paper combines the characteristics of gel fire extinguishing agent and foam fire extinguishing agent, the preparation of gel foam fire extinguishing agent, and then analyze the fire extinguishing principle of gel foam fire extinguishing agent through the study of fire extinguishing performance, which is of great significance to the fire fighting work.

 This paper firstly designs and builds a gel foam fire extinguishing system by researching and combining the characteristics of gel. Secondly, the foam formulation in the gel foam was studied, and the foam performance was measured by the foaming multiplier test method and the half-life stability test method as well as the foam precipitation test method, and the foaming, stability and precipitation characteristics of different surfactants were compared, and two surfactants were selected for the foam performance test with different compounding ratios, and the effect of different concentrations on the foaming performance of surfactants was studied. The composition and ratio of the foaming agent were determined. The proportioning experiments showed that the foam performance was better when sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate were at 2:1, and the total concentration of the foaming agent was 0.6 % of the total mass.

Then on top of the foam formulation, gel and granular gel extinguishing agents were added to prepare gel foam extinguishing agents, and the effects of different physical shapes of gel extinguishing agents on foam performance were studied. And by compounding gel extinguishing agent and granular gel extinguishing agent, the effect of different compounding ratio of gel and granular gel on the performance of foam was studied. Next, the effect of concentration of gel on foam performance was studied, as well as the macroscopic changes of gel foam and microstructure were studied. The final formulation of the gel foam was determined as follows: sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surfactant at 2:1, the total concentration of blowing agent was 0.6 % of the total mass; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and starch graft acrylate compounding ratio was 1:6, the total concentration of gel was 0.4 % of the total mass.

By comparing the fire extinguishing performance of three different extinguishing agents on small class A wood palletizing fire, the fire extinguishing principles of foam extinguishing agent, gel extinguishing agent and gel foam extinguishing agent were analyzed. Finally, the experiments of gel foam extinguishing 1A wood stack fire and B oil pan fire were carried out to analyze the reasons why gel foam could not extinguish 1A wood stack fire. Finally, under the comprehensive evaluation, the gel foam fire extinguishing agent has better fire extinguishing performance among the three extinguishing agents, in which the flame height of gel foam to extinguish small class A wood pallets fire is 14 s to the surface of wood pallets, and the extinguishing time is 43 s. The extinguishing time of gel foam to extinguish class B oil pan fire is 14 s.