随着矿井开采深度的不断增加，矿井温度持续上升，对采矿作业的安全性和效率构成严重威胁。矿井高温地热作为一种可再生且清洁的能源，蕴藏着巨大的开发潜力。充填采矿法的应用为矿产与地热资源的协同开采提供了有利条件，然而，传统的单相对流换热方法在实际应用中存在换热瓶颈，限制了地热能的提取效率。鉴于上述因素，本文设计了环路热管耦合充填体的矿井地热能提取系统，并建立了三维瞬态换热模型。根据数值模拟结果，详细探讨了环路热管内部气液相变换热机理。为了全面分析围岩温度（因素A）、换热器入口流速（因素B）和换热器入口水温（因素C）对环路热管耦合充填体取热性能的影响，本文采用了正交试验原理进行工况设计，并利用极差分析和方差分析对正交试验结果进行了系统分析。在此基础上，为进一步增强系统的换热性能，分别对充填体和环路热管进行了换热强化。本文主要得出以下主要结论：

充填体储热过程中，充填体温度由内而外逐渐升高，热量传递程度由强变弱。环路热管耦合充填体取热过程中，套管中冷却水和热管的温度随着取热时间增加变化显著，只有紧贴套管式环路热管换热器的部分充填体温度有明显下降。

在环路热管的运行过程中，其内部出现了泡沫流、细泡状流、分层流、波状分层流、块状流、弹状流、柱塞流和环状流这几种流动方式。随着换热时间的增加，蒸发端依次出现了小气泡、大气泡、气柱和气腔，越靠近蒸发端底部的气泡，移动速度越快；冷凝端出现了液滴、液膜和液柱；蒸发端整体温度高于冷凝端整体温度，环路热管蒸发端和冷凝端平均温度随时间波动变化，且呈现波峰遇波谷的变化规律。

以充填体温降为换热性能指标时，通过极差分析可得，因素影响大小为A>C>B，55℃的围岩温度，0.17 m/s的换热器入口流速和9℃的换热器入口水温为最佳换热工况，通过方差分析可知，A、B和C三个因素的影响程度分别是非常显著、显著和显著；以换热器进出口温差为换热性能指标时，通过极差分析可得，因素影响大小为B>C>A，55℃的围岩温度，0.05 m/s的换热器入口流速和9℃的换热器入口水温为最佳换热工况，通过方差分析可知，A、B和C三个因素的影响程度分别是不显著、显著和不显著；以系统取热量为换热性能指标时，通过极差分析可得，因素影响大小为B>A>C，55℃的围岩温度，0.17 m/s的换热器入口流速和9℃的换热器入口水温为最佳换热工况，通过方差分析可知，A、B和C三个因素的影响程度分别是显著、非常显著和显著。

分别使用天然鳞片石墨（NFG）和石蜡/膨胀石墨定形相变材料（PA/EG-SSPCM）对充填体进行强化换热。当充填体中NFG含量为10%时，充填体温降最大，为0.395 ℃，和未强化的相比，增加了0.174℃；当添加PA/EG-SSPCM含量为20.0%时，换热器进出口温差和系统取热量均达到最大，分别为1.370℃和7.643 kJ，和未强化的相比，分别增加了0.184℃和1.068 kJ。

以NFG含量为10%的充填体作为强化充填体，使用Al₂O₃纳米流体和CuO纳米流体作为环路热管工质对其进行换热强化。当使用1.5%含量的Al₂O₃纳米流体时，充填体温降最大，为0.438℃，相比于未强化环路热管工质而言，充填体温降增加了0.043℃；当使用含量为1.0%的Al₂O₃纳米流体时，换热器的进出口平均温差最大，为1.983℃。当使用含量为1.0%的Al₂O₃纳米流体时，系统取热量最大，为8.711 kJ，相比于未强化环路热管工质而言，系统取热量提高了2.086 kJ。

With the increasing depth of mining, the temperature of the mine continues to rise, which poses a serious threat to the safety and efficiency of mining operations. As a renewable and clean energy, mine high temperature geothermal energy has great development potential. The application of the filling mining method provides favorable conditions for the coordinated exploitation of mineral and geothermal resources. However, the traditional single-phase convective heat transfer method often encounters heat transfer bottlenecks in practical applications, which limits the extraction efficiency of geothermal energy. In view of the above factors, this paper proposes a mine geothermal energy extraction system based on loop heat pipe coupling backfill body, and establishes a 3D transient heat transfer model. According to the numerical simulation results, the mechanism of vapor-liquid phase change heat transfer in the loop heat pipe is discussed in detail. In order to comprehensively analyze the influence of Surrounding rock temperature (Factor A), heat exchanger inlet velocity (Factor B) and heat exchanger inlet water temperature (Factor C) on the heat extraction performance of the loop heat pipe coupling backfill body, the orthogonal test principle was used to design the working conditions, and the orthogonal test results were systematically analyzed by range analysis and variance analysis. On this basis, in order to further enhance the heat transfer performance of the system, the heat transfer enhancement of the backfill body and the loop heat pipe was carried out respectively. This paper mainly draws the following main conclusions:

During the heat storage process of the backfill body, the temperature of the backfill body gradually increases from the inside to the outside, and the degree of heat transfer changes from strong to weak. During the heat extraction process of the loop heat pipe coupling backfill body, the temperature of the cooling water and the heat pipe in the casing changes significantly with the increase of the heat extraction time, and only the temperature of the part of the backfill body close to the casing loop heat pipe heat exchanger decreases significantly.

During the operation of the loop heat pipe, there are several flow modes in the loop heat pipe, such as foam flow, fine bubble flow, stratified flow, wavy stratified flow, block flow, slug flow, plunger flow and annular flow. With the increase of heat transfer time, small bubbles, large bubbles, gas columns and gas chambers appear successively at the evaporation end. The closer the bubble is to the bottom of the evaporation end, the faster the movement speed is. Droplets, liquid film and liquid column appeared at the condensation end. The overall temperature of the evaporation end is higher than the overall temperature of the condensation end. The average temperature of the evaporating end and the condensing end fluctuates with time, and the peaks and troughs meet.

When the temperature drops of the backfill body is used as the heat transfer performance index, the range analysis shows that the influence of the factors is A>C>B, the surrounding rock temperature of 55°C, the inlet velocity of the heat exchanger of 0.17 m/s and the inlet water temperature of the heat exchanger of 9°C are the best heat transfer conditions. The variance analysis shows that the influence of A, B and C is very significant, significant and significant respectively. When the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger is used as the heat transfer performance index, the range analysis shows that the influence of the factors is B>C>A, and the surrounding rock temperature of 55°C, the inlet velocity of the heat exchanger of 0.05 m/s and the inlet water temperature of the heat exchanger of 9°C are the best heat transfer conditions. The analysis of variance shows that the influence of A, B and C is not significant, significant and not significant; when the heat taken by the system is used as the heat transfer performance index, the range analysis shows that the influence of the factors is B>A>C, and the surrounding rock temperature of 55°C, the inlet velocity of the heat exchanger of 0.17 m/s and the inlet water temperature of the heat exchanger of 9°C are the best heat transfer conditions. The variance analysis shows that the influence of A, B and C is significant, very significant and significant respectively.

Natural flake graphite (NFG) and paraffin/expanded graphite shape-stabilized phase change material (PA/EG-SSPCM) were used to enhance the heat transfer of the backfill body. When the content of NFG in the backfill body is 10%, the temperature drops of the backfill body is the largest, which is 0.395°C, which is 0.174°C higher than that of the unstrengthened. When the content of PA/EG-SSPCM was 20.0%, the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger and the heat extraction of the system reached the maximum, which were 1.370°C and 7.643 kJ, respectively, which increased by 0.184°C and 1.068 kJ compared with the unreinforced.

The backfill body with 10% NFG content was used as the enhanced backfill body, and the Al₂O₃ nanofluid and CuO nanofluid were used as the working fluid of the loop heat pipe to enhance the heat transfer. When 1.5% Al₂O₃ nanofluid is used, the backfill temperature drop is the largest, which is 0.438°C. Compared with the unreinforced loop heat pipe working fluid, the backfill temperature drop increases by 0.043°C. When 1.0% Al₂O₃ nanofluid is used, the average temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger is the largest, which is 1.983 °C. When the Al₂O₃ nanofluid with a content of 1.0 % is used, the heat extraction of the system is the largest, which is 8.711 kJ. Compared with the unstrengthened loop heat pipe working fluid, the heat extraction of the system is increased by 2.086 kJ.

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