煤炭作为我国现阶段的主要能源，为国民经济快速发展做出了重要贡献。我国煤层瓦斯赋存具有典型的“三高三低”特征，在瓦斯治理的过程中经常造成生产事故。本文针对典型低透气性缓倾斜煤层卸压瓦斯治理难题，采用工程资料收集、理论分析、软件研发、数值模拟以及现场工业性试验相结合的手段，系统分析了缓倾斜煤层采动裂隙时空演化规律及采动卸压瓦斯富集区储运规律，对低透气性缓倾斜煤层卸压瓦斯抽采有着重要的参考价值。论文主要研究工作如下： （1）实验分析了岩石物质组成成份、细观结构和微观结构，掌握了岩石损伤分布特征；采用单轴抗压、抗拉、抗剪实验分析含初始损伤岩石破坏特征，明晰了时间效应对岩石强度的影响，构建时间对岩石损伤演化影响的本构模型，得出了初始损伤与加载速率耦合效应对岩石破坏影响机理。同时，采用岩石裂纹断裂韧性分析不同加载方式下裂隙演化特征，揭示了覆岩采动裂隙张开和闭合演化机理。 （2）基于实践工作面开采技术条件，搭建走向和倾向二维物理模拟实验台，提出了AW-SNcut的图像识别方法来定量分析实验过程中覆岩采动裂隙演化规律。同时采用数值模拟，定量分析了开采速度和煤层倾角对覆岩采动张开裂隙和闭合裂隙分布特征及演化规律影响。 （3）深入分析了缓倾斜工作面3个不同区域直接顶和基本顶破断机理，明确了缓倾斜煤层覆岩“O-X”破断过程中时序性，掌握了缓倾斜煤层采空区充填特征，并分析了覆岩采动裂隙类椭抛带形态特征，建立相应的数学模型，重点分析了关键因素对形态分布特征的影响。在工程实践中，综合采用钻孔窥视仪、微震监测和钻孔抽采浓度分析方法，形成“点+线+面+体”综合一体化监测手段，分析覆岩采动裂隙时空演化规律。 （4）基于缓倾斜煤层覆岩采动裂隙时空演化规律，分析了缓倾斜工作面卸压瓦斯来源特征，得出采动过程中卸压瓦斯富集区的运移特征，提出了煤层卸压瓦斯优势通道概念，为缓倾斜煤层工作面卸压瓦斯抽采提供了理论依据。 （5）基于超前工作面高位钻孔抽采卸压瓦斯中存在的问题，重点分析了高位钻孔稳定性和抽采卸压瓦斯效果的平衡点。结合高位钻孔和高抽巷抽采卸压瓦斯方法的优点，提出了外错高位巷抽采方法，为卸压瓦斯治理提供了一种高效的抽采方法。 研究掌握了缓倾斜煤层覆岩采动裂隙时空演化机理，建立了覆岩采动裂隙分布的类椭抛带数学模型，揭示了卸压瓦斯优势通道的演化机理，进一步提出了合理的卸压瓦斯抽采方法，以上研究成果在典型矿井得到了成功应用，为实现缓倾斜煤层煤与瓦斯共采提供了一定的理论基础。

At the present stage, coal is China's main energy, and it has greatly promoted the rapid development of the national economy. Because of the typical "three high-low" characteristics of coal seam gas in China, gas accidents are likely to occur in the gas control of working face. By means of data collection, theoretical analysis, software development, numerical simulation and industrial test, this paper has systematically analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution rules of mining fissure and the storage and transportation rules of pressure relief gas concentration area in gently inclined coal seams, which is of great value for the gas extraction of the low-permeability gently inclined coal seam. The main research contents are as follows: (1) The distribution characteristics of rock damage are acquired by analyzing the rock material composition, meso-structure and microstructure in the laboratory; with the adoption of uniaxial compressive, tensile and shear tests, the effects of loading time on rock strength are clarified by analyzing the failure characteristics of the initial damage; the coupling effect of the initial damage and loading rate on the rock damage is obtained by constructing the constitutive model; by employing the fracture toughness of rock fissure, the evolution mechanism of how the mining fissure open or close is revealed by analyzing the characteristics of fracture evolution under different loading modes. (2) Based on the technical conditions of the working face, the two-dimensional physical simulation test is carried out, and a reasonable image recognition method has been proposed to quantitatively analyze the evolution law of mining fissure. In the meantime, the effects of the mining speed and coal seam inclination on the distribution characteristics and evolution rules of open fissure and closed fissure are quantitatively analyzed in the numerical simulation. (3) The breaking mechanism of immediate roof and basic roof in inclined working face three areas is analyzed, the timing of the overburden breakage process of “O-X” in gently inclined coal seam is clarified, and the goaf filling characteristics of gently inclined coal seam are obtained. Morphological characteristics of the mining fissure in overlying strata of inclined working face are analyzed, and the effects of the key factors on the morphological characteristics are mainly analyzed by establishing the corresponding mathematical model. In the engineering practice, the temporal and spatial evolution law of mining fissure is analyzed by adopting the method of borehole television, microseismic monitoring and borehole concentration, constituting a "point+line+surface+body" integrated monitoring approach. (4) Based on the spatio-temporal evolution law of the mining fissure in gently inclined coal seam, this paper has analyzed the characteristics of the pressure relief gas source, and the migration characteristics of the pressure relief gas enrichment area during mining process are obtained; besides, the concept of advantageous channel of pressure relief gas is proposed, which provides a theoretical basis of pressure relief gas extraction in inclined coal face. (5) In view of the problems of high level borehole extracting pressure relief gas in advanced working face, how to achieve the balance between the stability of high level borehole and the efficiency of extracting pressure relief gas is mainly analyzed. Combined with the advantages of high level borehole and high drainage roadway, a reasonable extraction method for extracting pressure relief gas is proposed, which provides an effective method for pressure relief gas control. This study has analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of the mining fissures in the gently inclined coal seam, established the mathematical model of elliptical banding, revealed the advantageous channel evolution mechanism of pressure relief gas storage, and further proposed a reasonable extraction method for extracting pressure relief gas. The above research results have been successfully applied in typical mines, which provides a theoretical basis for realizing coal and gas simultaneous extraction in the gently inclined coal seam.