石英在日常生产和生活中有着极其广泛的应用，而纯度对其利用价值起决定性作用，因此石英与其伴生矿物浮选分离至关重要。浮选入料的物理和化学性质对其浮选效果影响较大，其中表界面性质影响最为显著。厘清石英表面性质与其润湿性和可浮性的内在联系，对促进石英与其共伴生矿物的浮选分离意义重大。

本文以河北省邢台市采集的高纯度石英为研究对象，以酸蚀作为石英表面改性的方法，通过对不同酸蚀时间改性后石英样品分别开展阴离子捕收剂和阳离子捕收剂的浮选因素及浮选速度试验，揭示了酸蚀改性对石英阴/阳离子浮选的影响规律；通过粗糙度、润湿速率、紫外分光光度计、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）以及Zeta电位等检测手段分别探究了酸蚀改性对石英阴/阳离子浮选差异性的影响机理。

首先，通过筛分-酸洗-HF刻蚀制样方法，改变酸蚀时间制备出了形状参数相近但具有一定表面性质差异的石英颗粒样品。而后，分别进行了不同酸蚀时间石英颗粒的阴/阳离子单矿物浮选试验。结果表明，在矿浆pH值为12、活化剂氯化钙（CaCl₂）浓度为1×10^-4 mol/L、阴离子捕收剂油酸钠（NaOL）浓度为2×10^-4 mol/L时石英阴离子浮选回收率基本达到最大值，在矿浆pH值为9、阳离子捕收剂十二烷基三甲基氯化铵（DTAC）浓度为2×10^-4 mol/L时石英阳离子浮选回收率基本达到最大值；NaOL对石英颗粒的浮选回收率随着酸蚀时间的增加先增大后减小，DTAC对石英颗粒的浮选回收率随着酸蚀时间的增加先减小后增大，即酸蚀改性对石英阴/阳离子浮选的影响规律相反。

最后，对酸蚀改性对石英阴/阳离子浮选的差异性影响机理进行了研究。润湿速率检测结果表明，在自然条件（未与浮选药剂作用）下，酸蚀后样品的润湿速率大于未酸蚀样品，这是由于天然石英表面是亲水的，酸蚀后粗糙度的增大进一步增加了其亲水性；酸蚀后样品经NaOL处理后，其润湿速率低于未酸蚀样品；DTAC的加入也可以有效降低石英的润湿速率，但与阴离子捕收剂作用结果不同，酸蚀样品的润湿速率始终大于未酸蚀样品。吸附量检测结果表明，在阴离子浮选中，酸蚀后样品可吸附更多的活化剂Ca²⁺以及阴离子捕收剂NaOL，这是因为酸蚀增加了石英的表面粗糙度，从而暴露出更多的不饱和氧活性位点，容易吸附更多的Ca²⁺从而易于NaOL分子在石英颗粒表面的吸附，更大程度上降低其亲水性，最终促进其浮选回收率的增加；在阳离子浮选中，酸蚀后样品对阳离子捕收剂DTAC的吸附能力减弱，进一步进行Zeta电位检测表明酸蚀处理增大了石英的表面电位，即酸蚀后石英颗粒表面负电荷减少，对阳离子捕收剂DTAC的静电吸附力减弱而使其吸附量降低，从而对浮选过程产生抑制作用。

Quartz has an extremely wide range of applications in daily production and life, and purity plays a decisive role in its use value, so the separation of quartz from its associated mineral flotation is crucial. The physical and chemical properties of flotation feed have a great influence on its flotation effect, among which the surface interface properties have the most significant influence. Clarifying the intrinsic relationship between the surface properties of quartz and its wettability and floatability is of great significance to promote the flotation separation of quartz and its associated minerals.

Taking high-purity quartz collected in Xingtai City, Hebei Province as the research object, acid etching was used as the method for modifying quartz surface properties, and the flotation factors and flotation speed tests of anion collector and cation collector were carried out on quartz samples modified by different acid etching times, and the influence of acid etching modification on quartz anion/cation flotation was revealed. Then, the influence mechanism of acid etching modification on the flotation difference between quartz anion/cation was explored by the detection methods of roughness, wetting rate, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, XPS and zeta potential.

Firstly, quartz particle samples with similar shape parameters but certain surface properties were prepared by screening-pickling-HF etching method. Then, anionic single mineral flotation tests of quartz particles with different acid etching times were carried out. The results showed that the flotation recovery rate of quartz cation reached the maximum value when the pH value of the slurry was 12, the concentration of CaCl₂ of the activator was 1×10^-4 mol/L, and the concentration of NaOL of the anion collector was 2×10^-4 mol/L, and the recovery rate of quartz cation flotation reached the maximum value when the pH value of the slurry was 9 and the concentration of DTAC of the cation collector was 2×10^-4 mol/L. The flotation recovery rate of NaOL on quartz particles first increased and then decreased with the increase of acid etching time, and the flotation recovery rate of DTAC on quartz particles first decreased and then increased with the increase of acid etching time, that is, the effect of acid etching modification on quartz anion/cation flotation was reversed.

Finally, the differential influence mechanism of acid etching modification on quartz anion/cation flotation was studied. The results of wetting rate detection showed that under natural conditions (not acting with flotation agents), the wetting rate of the sample after acid etching was greater than that of the original sample, which was due to the fact that the surface of natural quartz was hydrophilic, and the increase of roughness after acid etching further increased its hydrophilicity. However, the wetting rate of the after acid etching sample was lower than that of the original after NaOL treatment. The addition of DTAC can also effectively reduce the wetting rate of quartz, but unlike the anion collector effect, the wetting rate of the acid etched sample is always greater than that of the original sample. The results of adsorption capacity detection show that in anion flotation, the sample can adsorb more activator Ca²⁺ and anion collector NaOL after acid etching, because acid etching increases the surface roughness of quartz, thereby exposing more unsaturated oxygen active sites, easy to adsorb more Ca²⁺, easy to adsorb NaOL molecules on the surface of quartz particles, reduce its hydrophilicity to a greater extent, and ultimately promote the increase of its flotation recovery. Further, Zeta potential detection showed that the acid etching treatment increased the surface potential of quartz, that is, the surface of quartz particles had less negative charge after acid etching, and the electrostatic adsorption force of cation collector DTAC was weakened and the adsorption capacity was reduced, thereby inhibiting the flotation process.

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