煤仓因储量大及散热条件欠佳等因素，导致内部储煤堆自燃风险较大。现阶段，尽管多种煤自燃防治技术应用于煤仓储煤堆中，但这些技术普遍存在难以根治、成本高昂等诸多局限。相比之下，吸液芯热管具有优良的导热性能、能适应煤仓内储煤堆复杂多样的环境需求等优点，能够实现高效导热，破坏储煤堆内部热量集聚，减小储煤堆自燃风险。因此利用吸液芯热管破坏煤堆内部的蓄热环境，成为预防煤仓内储煤堆发生自燃的有效技术手段。

本文针对不同结构的吸液芯热管，即沟槽芯、丝网芯以及复合芯热管开展移热特性实验，得到吸液芯热管作用煤堆的移热指标参数，优选移热性能最佳的吸液芯结构；设计管群布置正交实验方案，分析管群布置参数组合对煤堆温度场的影响；基于实验结果建立煤堆-热管移热数学模型，进行多因素排列实验模拟与大尺度模拟分析不同管群组合移热效果。主要研究成果如下：

（1）通过对7种不同吸液芯热管作用煤堆后的降温幅度、降温率、移热半径及移热量等指标进行分析，发现冷凝段采用矩形沟槽芯，蒸发段采用丝网芯的复合吸液芯热管移热效果最佳。该热管对煤堆最大降温幅度为57.4℃，降温率为52.8%，移热半径达50cm，移热量为150.7kJ，均体现了该热管具有较强的移热性能。

（2）针对管群插入方式、插入倾角、管间间距和插入根数4个因素设计正交实验，发现影响降温幅度的主要因素为插入根数；降温率受到多种因素共同影响，无明显主次之分；降温速率最低时间点受插入根数影响较大，需要排除该因素的影响，并结合降温幅度与降温率来共同分析。最终得出实验室条件下，优选管群布置方式为梅花形布置、插入倾角60°，管间间距35cm，插入根数6根。

（3）优选布置参数组合的模拟结果与实验结果保持一致。通过36组多因素组合实验模拟发现，管群对煤堆内部温度场的影响根据等温线分布划分为四个区域：近热管区（20-30℃）、高效降温区（30-50℃）、过渡区（50-60℃）、高温区（60℃以上）。根据四个区域面积变化趋势，分析单一因素与多因素组合对移热效果的影响情况，发现模拟结果与实验结果相一致。并进行大尺度模拟，移热24h后煤堆内部温度由110℃降至60℃（临界温度80℃以下），移热48h后，煤堆内部高温热量几乎完全导出。

因此，通过本文研究，发现蒸发段采用丝网芯，冷凝段采用沟槽芯的复合吸液芯热管具有较好的移热性能。实验室条件下的最佳布置参数组合为：采用梅花形布置，插入倾角为60°，管间间距为35cm，插入根数为6根。研究结果为吸液芯热管预防煤仓内较大面积煤堆自燃提供了重要参考。

Due to factors such as large storage capacity and inadequate heat dissipation conditions, the coal bunker faces a significant risk of spontaneous combustion within the coal pile. Currently, although various technologies for preventing coal self-ignition are applied in coal bunkers, these technologies generally suffer from limitations such as being difficult to eradicate and high costs. In contrast, liquid-core heat pipes possess excellent thermal conductivity and can adapt to the complex and diverse environmental requirements within coal bunkers. They can achieve efficient heat conduction, disrupt the accumulation of heat within coal piles, and reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion. Therefore, utilizing liquid-core heat pipes to disrupt the heat storage environment within coal piles has become an effective technical means to prevent spontaneous combustion in coal bunkers.

This study investigates the heat transfer characteristics of different structured liquid-core heat pipes, namely groove core, wire mesh core, and composite core heat pipes. Experimental data on the heat transfer parameters of liquid-core heat pipes acting on coal piles are obtained, and the optimal liquid-core structure with the best heat transfer performance is selected. A orthogonal experimental design is employed to arrange the pipe clusters and analyze the influence of pipe cluster arrangement parameters on the temperature field of the coal pile. Based on the experimental results, a mathematical model of heat transfer between the coal pile and heat pipes is established, and multiple-factor permutation experiments and large-scale simulation analyses are conducted to evaluate the heat transfer effects of different pipe cluster combinations. The main research findings are as follows:

（1）By analyzing indicators such as temperature reduction amplitude, temperature reduction rate, heat transfer radius, and heat transfer amount for seven different liquid-core heat pipes acting on coal piles, it was found that the composite liquid-core heat pipe, utilizing a rectangular groove core in the condensation section and a wire mesh core in the evaporation section, exhibited the best heat transfer performance. This heat pipe achieved a maximum temperature reduction amplitude of 57.4℃, a temperature reduction rate of 52.8%, a heat transfer radius of 50cm, and a heat transfer amount of 150.7kJ, all indicating its strong heat transfer capabilities.

（2）A orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate four factors: insertion method of pipe clusters, insertion angle, spacing between pipes, and number of inserted pipes. It was found that the main factor affecting the temperature reduction amplitude was the number of inserted pipes. The temperature reduction rate was influenced by multiple factors without clear prioritization. The point of lowest temperature reduction rate was significantly affected by the number of inserted pipes, which needed to be isolated from the analysis. Finally, under laboratory conditions, the optimal arrangement of pipe clusters was determined to be in a plum blossom shape, with an insertion angle of 60°, a spacing of 35cm between pipes, and six pipes inserted.

（3）The simulation results of the optimal arrangement parameters are consistent with the experimental results. Through 36 sets of multi-factor combination experiments, it was found that the influence of the pipe cluster on the temperature field inside the coal pile can be divided into four zones based on the distribution of isotherms: the vicinity of the heat pipe zone (20-30℃), the highly efficient cooling zone (30-50℃), the transition zone (50-60℃), and the high temperature zone (above 60℃). By analyzing the trends in the area changes of these four zones, and assessing the impact of single factors and multi-factor combinations on the heat transfer effectiveness, it was observed that the simulation results aligned with the experimental findings. Furthermore, a large-scale simulation was conducted, showing that after 24 hours of heat transfer, the internal temperature of the coal pile decreased from 110℃ to 60℃ (below the critical temperature of 80℃). After 48 hours of heat transfer, almost all of the high-temperature heat within the coal pile was effectively dissipated.

Therefore, through the research presented in this paper, it was found that the composite liquid-core heat pipe, utilizing a wire mesh core in the evaporator section and a groove core in the condenser section, exhibits excellent heat transfer performance. The optimal arrangement parameters under laboratory conditions are as follows: a plum blossom-shaped layout, an insertion angle of 60°, a spacing of 35cm between pipes, and six pipes inserted. These findings provide important references for the prevention of spontaneous combustion in large-area coal piles inside coal bunkers using liquid-core heat pipes.

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