急倾斜硬顶软煤异形巷道处于不同力学性质的围岩中，引起围岩应力载荷呈非对称分布，加之煤层倾角过大，导致巷道围岩发生非对称破坏，从而增加巷道的支护难度，不能满足矿井安全高产高效的需求，因此开展对急倾斜煤层异形巷道围岩变形破坏特征试验研究具有重要的科学意义和工程实践价值。 本文以新疆焦煤集团有限公司2130煤矿25221异形巷道为背景，对急倾斜硬顶软煤异形巷道变形破坏特征及稳定性控制进行了实验研究，通过现场观测和相似材料模拟实验，总结出急倾斜硬顶软煤异形巷道围岩变形破坏特征，揭示了异形巷道围岩变形破坏规律。结合数值分析（FLAC2D）和现场监测对试验巷道支护优化方案进行验证研究，从而确定硬顶软煤异形巷道优化支护方案。 研究表明：（1）急倾斜硬顶软煤异形巷道两帮变形量大于顶底移近量。巷道两帮变形主要以高帮为主，控制好高帮是保证巷道稳定的关键；高帮中下部载荷大于上部，加之风化及水蚀作用，上部煤体有松散趋势，高帮上部很容易发生变形释放或缓解由于顶板压力而形成的横向拉力，伴随着时间推移，很容易蠕变，最终导致高帮失稳破坏； （2）急倾斜硬顶软煤异形巷道受围岩力学性质和支护技术的影响，造成围岩变形破坏具有非对称性，呈现“高帮滑移，低帮下挫，底板微臌，直接顶部分断裂”的互错动变形特征； （3）急倾斜煤层异形巷道围岩受载及变形破坏的非对称性，采用非对称锚网索耦合支护，增加顶板、高帮锚杆强度，降低顶板锚杆支护密度，采用三排距支护，改善围岩受力状态。同时加强“关键部位支护”，可以比较有效的提高巷道稳定性； 论文研究结果已应用于2130煤矿，并取得了良好的技术经济效益，对类似条件的巷道支护具有借鉴作用。

Steep hard top deformed soft coal roadway under the different mechanical properties of surrounding rock, which reduces the surrounding rock stress to be asymmetric load distribution, and the increasing of dip angle of coal seam, result in the difficulty of roadway support and not meeting the needs of high production and efficiency mine safety, therefore. it will have an important scientific significance and economic value to study the roadway surrounding rock deformation and failure characteristics of steep hard top deformed soft coal roadway. In this paper, Xinjiang Coking Coal Mine Group Co., Ltd. 2130 25221 shaped tunnel in the background, on the steeply inclined hardtop shaped soft coal roadway deformation and failure characteristics and stability control were studied experimentally, through on-site observation and similar material simulation experiments, summed up steeply inclined hard top shaped soft coal roadway deformation and failure characteristics, revealing the alien roadway deformation and failure of the law. And numerical analysis (FLAC2D) and on-site monitoring of the test roadway optimization validation studies conducted to determine the hardtop shaped soft coal roadway optimize supporting scheme.The researches conclude that: (1) The deformation of the sides of steep hard top deformed soft coal roadway is larger than that in top and bottom. The governing deformation emerged on the longer side of the two, high load is greater than the upper middle and lower help, coupled with the role of weathering and erosion, the upper body has a loose coal trend, high-top upper easily deformed lateral tension due to release or relieve the pressure and the formation of the roof , along with the passage of time, it is easy to creep, resulting in high-top instability failure; (2)As result of steep hard top deformed soft coal roadway influenced by the coal seam's dip angle, the deformation of surrounding rock damages is asymmetric, which presents the mutual dislocation deformation characteristics of "high-top slip down low to help , swollen from the floor , roof fracture " ; (3) Based on steeply inclined shaped roadway deformation under load and non-symmetry violation, the proposed roadway for the abnormity of roadway with asymmetric applying the anchor wire rope coupling support, combined with the stability of roadway control principle, designing the special-shaped roadway support plan;