锂离子电池是电动汽车的主要储能装置，目前电池的能量利用率较低、安全性能差等缺点仍然制约着电动汽车的发展和使用。锂离子电池本身在充放电过程中会释放大量的热量，可能会产生自燃甚至爆炸的现象，严重威胁着电池和电动汽车的安全性，而且在低温环境下电池的性能也会降低。针对以上问题，本文以磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）电池为研究对象，开展以下研究：

首先，用不同温度的去离子水作为电池液体热管理升温和降温功能的主要介质，完成装载流通液体的结构设计、排布。对电池液体热管理装置进行建模，建立结构模型和计算流体力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics，CFD）仿真模型。

其次，分别对锂离子电池进行升温仿真和散热仿真。在升温仿真中运用温升速率（Rate of Temperature Rise，RTR）进行参数定量分析；在散热仿真中，采用对流换热系数h和努塞尔数Nu对参数进行定量分析。研究不同管径、流速及液体温度对锂离子电池升温、散热的影响，确定最优参数。

然后，采用主从式控制系统框架结构，设计电池液体热管理的控制系统。开发控制电路和控制算法，实现锂离子电池液体热管理系统中数据的采集、传输、显示以及调节液体温度及输送的功能。

最后，搭建自动控制的电池液体热管理系统实验台，分别进行锂离子电池升温和散热的热管理实验。实验结果表明，所设计的电池液体热管理系统可以有效地缩短电池预升温和预散热的时间；同时，锂离子电池不同放电倍率放电时，在该电池液体热管理系统介入下，可以实现锂离子电池的恒温放电。

Lithium-ion batteries are the main energy storage device for electric vehicles. At present, the shortcomings of battery such as low energy utilization rate and poor safety performance still restrict the development and use of electric vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries release a lot of heat during charging and discharging, which may result in spontaneous combustion or even explosion, which seriously threatens the safety of batteries and electric vehicles. In addition, the performance of batteries will be reduced at low temperatures. This paper takes lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) battery as the research object, and carries out the following research:

Firstly, deionized water at different temperatures is used as the main medium for the heating and cooling functions of the battery liquid thermal management, and the structural design and arrangement of the loading and circulation liquid are completed. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation model and the structural model are established.

Secondly, the temperature simulation and heat dissipation simulation of lithium-ion battery are respectively carried out. The Rate of Temperature Rise (RTR) is used to analyze the parameters quantitatively. In the heat dissipation simulation, the convective heat transfer coefficient h and Nusselt number Nu are used to analyze the parameters quantitatively. The influence of different pipe diameters, flow rates and liquid temperatures on temperature rise and heat dissipation of lithium-ion batteries is studied to determine the optimal parameters.

Then, the master-slave control system framework is used to design the control system of battery liquid thermal management. The control circuit and control algorithm are developed to realize the functions of data acquisition, transmission, display, adjustment of liquid temperature and transmission in the liquid thermal management system of lithium ion battery.

Finally, an automatic battery liquid thermal management system test platform was built to carry out the thermal management experiments of temperature rise and heat dissipation of lithium ion batteries.. The experimental results show that the designed liquid thermal management system can effectively shorten the pre-heating and pre-cooling time of the battery. At the same time, the constant temperature discharge of lithium-ion battery can be realized with the intervention of the battery liquid thermal management system when discharging at different discharge rates.

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