寒区路基病害问题严重，部分路段平均病害率高，给寒区道路工程建设带来诸多挑战。一方面，活动层与冻土路基的水热活动频繁，是诱发病害的主要原因。另一方面，重载车辆行驶频繁的路段翻浆、路面开裂等病害更为严重，表明车辆动载改造了路基土体的孔隙结构，进而诱发路基病害的产生。因此，研究冻土路基水热迁移问题和车辆动载下冻结路基土的孔隙结构演化问题，对寒区道路工程的安全建设与稳定运营具有重要意义。

本文以路基土为研究对象，研究了路基土冻结过程中含水率与电阻变化，总结了冻结路基土在压缩过程中的电阻变化规律，并分析了孔隙冰的压融效应。开展了中尺寸模型试验，总结了冻融条件下路基土温度场与水分场的迁移规律。开展了冻融-受动载条件下冻土路基的模型试验，阐明了分凝冰形成过程及车辆动载对分凝冰、路基土的结构改造。根据CT扫描和核磁共振测试结果，归纳了车辆动载对路基土结构演化规律。基于冻结、融化状态土体受动载时电阻变化差异，分析了孔隙冰的压融效应。揭示了车辆动载对冻土路基水热迁移的影响机制。主要得到以下结论：

路基土冻结过程可分为过冷、快速冻结、缓慢冻结3个阶段，自由水与毛细水最先冻结，温度降至-2℃时水分主要以吸附水为主。0℃~-2℃区间，电阻受未冻水含量的影响较为敏感，其随温度的降低而增大。路基土压缩过程电阻均先快速降低后趋缓，仅有干燥样品在应力峰值点后出现电阻增大的现象，电阻快速降低阶段干燥样品的电阻降低率远小于饱和冻结样品，证实了路基土孔隙冰受压时存在压融效应。

（2）冻结过程中地基土温度场、水分场出现了显著迁移。上部路基夯实导致地表下0~20cm土体温度波动，并促进路基土水分下渗，加剧水分迁移。降温时，路基土72～96h温度的变化最大，水分先缓慢降低后趋快；升温时，温度迁移集中在前48h，水分则先快速增加后缓慢减少。地表位移变化分为4个阶段：缓慢增大、快速增加、快速减小和缓慢减小，其主要受路面温度与地基土变形量的影响。

（3）冻结过程中，路基土中冷生裂纹长度不断扩展、数目增多。动载施加过程中，宽度较小裂纹出现闭合，较大裂纹出现局部压密，裂纹端部的冰晶体先破碎。动载导致冻结锋面上部的土体孔隙结构压密，水平方向的孔隙结构连通性减小；导致冻结锋面下部的孔隙数量增多，竖向连通孔隙数量增多。

（4）经过3次冻融循环后，样品中毛细水与自由水的相对含量大幅增加。“高频轻载”和“低频重载/轻载”工况下，利于毛细水的赋存；“高频重载”工况下，在初始阶段利于自由水赋存。随循环次数增大，“低频重载”工况下自由水变化不显著。车辆动载作用下，下部未冻结土体水分向上大幅迁移，上部冻结土体水分向下小幅迁移。

（5）随动载的施加，冻结状态下样品电阻波动降低，电阻变化率随荷载频率的增大而增大，融化状态下样品电阻几乎不出现波动。其原因是动荷载作用下冻结路基土孔隙冰存在压融与复冰，导致电阻产生明显波动。分凝冰的形成机制为孔隙冰的产生与扩展导致土中孔隙缺陷处产生裂隙，气态水在裂隙通道处迁移、冷凝、冻结。动荷载作用下冻土路基水热迁移机制主要是冻结区孔隙冰的压融效应、温升效应和未冻结区的动力促渗效应。

The issue of roadbed diseases in cold regions and the high incidence rate of certain road sections pose significant challenges to the construction of road projects in such areas. On one hand, frequent hydrothermal activity within the active layer and permafrost roadbed is a primary cause of induced diseases. On the other hand, diseases like overturning and pavement cracking are more severe in heavily trafficked sections, indicating that vehicle dynamic loading alters internal pore structure and exacerbates occurrences of roadbed diseases. Therefore, studying pore structure evolution under dynamic loading from permafrost hydrothermal migration and vehicles is crucial for the safe construction and stable operation of cold region road projects.

This study focuses on investigating variations in water content and electrical resistance during the freezing process of roadbed soil, with the roadbed soil as the research subject. It summarizes the patterns of electrical resistance changes in compressed frozen roadbed soil and analyzes the effects of compression and thawing on pore ice. Medium-scale model tests were conducted to summarize temperature field and moisture field migration patterns of roadbed soil under freeze-thaw conditions. A model test was performed on a frozen soil roadbed subjected to freeze-thaw and dynamic load conditions to elucidate the formation process of fractional ice and structural modifications caused by vehicle dynamic loads on both fractional ice and roadbed soil. The structural evolution law of subgrade soil under dynamic vehicle loading was summarized based on CT scanning results and NMR tests. By analyzing differences in electrical resistance changes between frozen state soils and thawed state soils under dynamic loading, we investigate the pressure-thawing effect of pore ice. Furthermore, we reveal the influence mechanism of vehicle dynamic loading on water-heat migration in frozen soil roadbeds

(1) The freezing process of subsoil can be categorized into three stages: supercooling, rapid freezing, and slow freezing. Initially, free water and capillary water freeze, with the main adsorption of water occurring when the temperature drops to -2 ℃. In the temperature range between 0 ℃ and -2 ℃, electrical resistance is more sensitive to unfrozen water content and increases as the temperature decreases. During compression, the resistance of subsoil reduces rapidly at first and then slows down. Only dry samples exhibit an increase in resistance after reaching peak stress point, while the rate of resistance reduction for dry samples is significantly smaller than that observed in saturated frozen samples during rapid resistance reduction stage. This confirms a compression and melting effect on pore ice within subsoil under compression leading to an increase in unfrozen water content.

(2) The temperature field and moisture field of foundation soil display significant migration during the freezing process. Compaction of upper roadbed not only induces temperature fluctuations within 0~20cm below surface but also promotes infiltration of water into roadbed soil thereby exacerbating soil moisture migration. Cooling results in maximum changes in roadbed soil temperature occurring between 72~96 hours while moisture gradually decreases before experiencing a rapid decline; warming leads to concentrated migration of temperatures within initial 48 hours along with a subsequent rapid increase followed by gradual decrease in moisture levels over time. Surface displacement changes are divided into four stages: slow increase, rapid increase, rapid decrease, and slow decrease primarily influenced by pavement temperature variations as well as deformation within foundation soil.

(3)  During the freezing process, the length of cold-induced cracks in the soil of the roadbed expands and the number of cracks gradually increases. Under dynamic loading, smaller cracks are closed while larger ones experience local compaction, with ice crystals at crack ends being fractured first. The dynamic load leads to compression density increase in pores above the freezing front, resulting in decreased horizontal pore connectivity; it also causes an increase in pores below the freezing front and enhances vertical pore connectivity.

(4) After three freeze-thaw cycles, there is a significant increase in relative contents of capillary water and free water within samples. Capillary water content shows minimal change under 'high-frequency light load' and 'low-frequency' conditions, which facilitates capillary water retention; initial stages under 'high-frequency heavy load' exhibit minimal changes in free water content. As cycle numbers increase, changes in free water become insignificant under 'low frequency heavy load'. Significant upward migration of unfrozen soil's water occurs during vehicle-induced dynamic loading, whereas slight downward migration is observed for frozen soil's water.

(5) With the application of dynamic loading, the resistance fluctuation of samples in the frozen state decreases, and the rate of resistance change increases with the frequency of loading. Conversely, there is almost no fluctuation in resistance for samples in the melted state. The significant fluctuations in resistance are attributed to pressure melting and re-freezing of pore ice within frozen subgrade soil under dynamic loading conditions.

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