自燃煤矸石山是一种比较特殊的燃烧系统，具有易自燃、蓄热大、易复燃的特点。露天堆放的煤炭和煤矸石时常发生自燃，浪费资源、污染环境，严重的还会引发事故，造成巨大损失。常规治理手段主要从“隔氧”的角度来控制煤矸石山自燃，由于内部积聚的热量无法及时散除，随着时间推移多会发生复燃。本文基于“降温”的技术思路，提出自燃煤矸石山热棒深部移热降温理方法。 从理论角度分析了煤矸石自燃热动力学过程及发火条件，研究风流渗透、水分等内外因与煤矸石山自燃特性之间的相互关系。公乌素煤矸石所含N、C、H元素、固定碳含量和比热容均低于公乌素煤；含水率、含灰分量、含硫量、热扩散系数和导热系数均高于公乌素煤。在相同的温度梯度下，煤矸石内部温度变化传播更迅速、温度扩散能力更大，比公乌素煤传导的能量更多。相同的热量加热下，煤矸石升温更快，更易自燃。煤矸石综合燃烧指数Sn与(Vad+FCad)/Aad呈正相关，拟合系数R2=0.9759，煤矸石含挥发分和固定碳含量越高、灰分越低，其综合燃烧性能越好。综合燃烧指数Sn、点燃指数Di和燃尽指数Dh与FCad /Vad呈正相关，线性拟合相关系数分别为R2=0.8429、0.9258、0.9972，在充分供氧燃烧条件下，燃料比越大，煤矸石的燃尽性能越好。 耗氧速率、CO浓度和产生率、第三火灾系数R3可作为预报煤矸石自燃的主要指标，CO2和CH4 浓度及产生率、第一火灾系数R1和第二火灾系数R2作为辅助指标。将煤矸石的热失重过程划分为脱附、氧化剂裂解、燃烧和热活化及相变4个阶段，得到了对应阶段失重率和特征温度参数。采用Achar微分法和Coats－Redfern积分法联合求解了煤矸石非控自燃动力学参数和机理函数。 热棒影响煤堆内部温度场热行为的实验研究表明，试验期内单根热棒对煤堆的最大降温幅度为33.4 ℃，降温率39.6 %；双根热棒作用下煤堆内出现了“马鞍”状温度场分布。推导了热棒在煤堆中的降温半径数学关系式，计算得到80 h热棒的散热量分别为1.0865、2.1680和3.3649 MJ。模拟验证了热棒对煤堆内部温度场的影响及分布规律。研究表明，热棒对煤堆的降温效果与距离成负相关，与自燃煤堆内部热源功率成正相关。热棒对煤堆的蓄冷降温能力随时间持续增加。另外，本文确定了热棒现场实施安装工艺，建立了热棒远程无线安全运行监测系统，研究了工业试验现场热棒轴向温度、煤矸石山水平、垂直温度分布特征和日温度变化特征，基于热棒在煤堆中热周转过程，推导并计算了评价、判断热棒移热降温效果的散热量等量化标准。本文的研究可为热棒技术在煤矸石自燃防灭火领域的大范围推广应用提供基础和指导。

Spontaneous combustion on coal refuse piles is a kind of unusual combustion system, with the characteristics of easy spontaneous combustion, self-heat storage, and easy to revive the combustion. Open piled up coal and coal refuse often causes the coal fires, which is a way of waste resources and pollution of the environment. In additional, it may also lead to serious accidents and huge economic losses. Conventional governance means mainly from the "isolated oxygen" point of view to control the spontaneous combustion on coal refuse piles. As the internal accumulation of heat could not be dispersed in time, with the passage of time will cause the re-ignition mostly. Based on the "cooling" of the technical ideas, the theory of spontaneous heat transfer and the method of spontaneous combustion control with heat pipe are put forward for the spontaneous combustion of coal refuse piles. The thermodynamics process and ignition condition of coal gangue spontaneous combustion are analyzed theoretically to study the interrelationship between internal and external factors such as moisture permeability and spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal refuse piles. Compared with the associated coal, the contents of N, C, H, fixed carbon and specific heat contained in the Gongwusu coal gangue are lower than those of the associated coal, but the moisture content, ash content, sulfur content, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity are higher than those of associated coal. At the same temperature gradient, the internal temperature of coal refuse piles propagates more rapidly, and the temperature diffusion ability is bigger than the associated coal conduction energy. Heating on the same amount of the heat, coal refuse piles is heating faster and more easy to spontaneous combustion. The comprehensive burning index Sn of coal refuse is positively correlated with (Vad + FCad) / Aad, the fitting coefficient R2 = 0.9759. The higher the content of volatile and fixed carbon in coal refuse piles get the lower the ash content and the better the comprehensive combustion performance. The integrated combustion index Sn, the ignition index Di and the burnout index Dh are positively correlated with FCad / Vad. The linear correlation coefficients were R2 = 0.8429, 0.9258, and 0.9972 respectively. In the case of sufficient oxygen combustion, the greater the fuel ratio, the better the performance of coal refuse piles burned. Oxygen consumption rate, concentration and production rate of CO, the third fire coefficient R3 can be used as a main indicator of spontaneous combustion of coal refuse piles, and the concentration and production rate of CO2 and CH4, the first fire coefficient R1 and the second fire coefficient R2 can be used as an auxiliary index. On obtaining then weight loss rate and characteristic temperature parameters, the process of weight loss of coal refuse piles is divided into desorption, oxidant cracking, combustion and thermal activation and phase transition four stages. Achar differential method and Coats-Redfern integral method were used to calculate the kinetic parameters and mechanical function of non-controlled combustion of coal refuse piles. Experimental study shows that the heat pipes affect the thermal field behavior of the internal temperature field. During the trial period, the maximum cooling rate of the single heat pipe is 33.4 ℃ and the cooling rate is 39.6%, and the "saddle" temperature field distribution occurs in the coal pile under the action of double root. The mathematical relationship between the cooling radius of the heat pipe within the coal pile is deduced, and the calculation on the heat dissipation of 80 h hot bars were 1.0865, 2.1680, and 3.3649 MJ, respectively, and the influence of heat pipe on the internal temperature field of coal pile was verified by ANSYS software. The research shows the cooling effect of the heat pipe on the coal pile is negatively correlated with the distance and is positively related to the internal heat source power. With the passage of time, heat pipe on the coal storage capacity of the cooling capacity will continue on increasing. In addition, the installation technology of the heat pipe is established in this study, and the remote wireless safety monitoring system is established. The characteristics of the axial temperature, the level of coal refuse piles, the vertical temperature distribution and the daily temperature change were studied. Based on the heat pipe in the coal pile heat turnover process, the quantitative criteria such as the cooling rate was evaluated and calculated. This study can provide guidance for the popularization and application of heat pipe technology in the later stage of spontaneous combustion on coal refuse piles and fire prevention.