昭通区拥有丰富的水资源，但因其特殊的地形地貌，该区出现典型的喀斯特干旱现象，居民的饮用水安全问题历史上一直没有得到解决。当前国家及地方政府为解决居民的安全饮水投入了大量的人力和物力，开展了相应的研究，采取了一些有效的措施。研究该区饮用水资源的水质变化情况，对探讨该区饮用水安全问题具有重要意义。 本次研究对所采集的饮用水样品及相关岩石土壤样品进行检测分析。通过对该区水质的主要离子成分特征、水质常规指标和毒理指标分析，对该区的水质进行评价，并对影响水质的因素进行探讨。 研究的结果表明昭通生活饮用水的水质类型主要属于重碳酸钙型超淡水，局部地区出现重碳酸钙镁型水。矿区采空区水质多种成分超标，受到严重污染，不宜作为生活饮用水。其他地区水质符合我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》要求的比率为56.4%。结合国内外的饮水标准进行分级评价，其结果是优质饮水比率为43.5%，可饮用的基本安全饮水的比率是76.1%。该区饮水中氟含量偏低，说明该区出现的地方性氟中毒与饮用水无关。 通过水质特征的影响因子分析，我们认为，影响水质特征的自然因素中，地表覆被的岩石土壤成分是主导因素，该区水质类型主要属于重碳酸钙型水是由于地表覆被的大量碳酸盐岩决定的。其次是植被；人为因素中，工矿业开发是主导影响因素，矿区SO42-含量普遍增高，局部地区Pb、Ni含量增大与工矿业发展关系密切。其次是居民生活生产习惯，局部地区NO3-含量增高主要是由于居民的生活生产习惯造成。 总之，从水质安全方面考虑，该区饮水形势不容乐观，政府应加强引导居民对生活垃圾的处理以及农药化肥的使用，做好水资源及水土保持工作，同时要因地制宜，采取措施，确保居民的安全饮水需求得到满足。

Zhaotung area has the rich water resources,but because of its special topography and typical karst phenomenon of drought, drinking water safety of residents in the area had not been solved historically. At present,Govenment and the Local authority has carried out the corresponding research, and has taken some effective measures, throwing in the massive manpower and the physical resource to solve resident's safety of water problem. We research the water quality changes so that we discusses the drinking water security problem in the area. This research to the drinking water sample and the related ground sample carries on the examination analysis. Through analyzeing this water quality of the main ion ingredient characteristic, as well as the water quality convention target and the toxicology analysis, carries on the appraisal to the water quality, and discusses the affects factor of the water quality . The results of the study of the drinking water in Zhaotong showed that the water quality of drinking water are mainly re-type calcium-type ultra-fresh, local areas of heavy magnesium carbonate type water. Goaf mine water quality over a wide range of components, are seriously polluted, and not become to drinking water. Other areas of water quality in line with China's "drinking water health standards" required by a ratio of 56.4%. In this area tap water the fluorine content is lower, showed this area appears the local fluorosis has nothing to do with the tap water. Through the water quality characteristic's influence factorial analysis, we believed that affects the water quality characteristic in the natural factor, the surface covering's rock soil ingredient is the predominant factor, this area water quality type mainly belongs to the calcium bicarbonate water is as a result of the surface covering massive carbonate rocks decision.Next is the vegetation. In human factor's industry and mining development is leads the influencing factor, the mining area SO42- content universal markup, local area Pb, the Ni content increases with the industry and mining development relations are close. Followed by the production of living habits, in some areas increased NO3-content was mainly due to habits of life of residents caused by the production. In short, from the water quality and safety considerations, the area of drinking water situation is not optimistic. Government should strengthen the local residents to guide the handling of solid waste, as well as the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and do a good job of water resources and soil and water conservation work, and at the same time in line with local conditions and take measures to ensure the safety of the residents of drinking water.