煤层瓦斯预抽是防治矿井瓦斯灾害，保障煤矿安全生产的有效方法之一，当前国内外高效预抽煤层气的技术主要有水力压裂、水力割缝、注气、物理场激励等，其中超声激励技术由于其应用范围广、能耗低、不产生污染等优点受到广泛关注。超声波的热效应会大大降低煤层气的吸附束缚力，促进煤体内瓦斯解吸，而原油的含量及其在含油煤体中的分布规律会影响煤体的温升规律，进而影响含油煤体瓦斯解吸特性。为探究超声激励含油煤体的温度分布、温升规律等热响应特征，明晰其对含油煤体解吸特性的影响规律及机理，本文采用理论分析和实验室试验相结合的方法，分析超声激励下含油煤体孔隙结构及官能团演化规律，揭示超声热效应对含油煤体瓦斯解吸特性的影响规律及其机理。

超声产生的热效应造成煤体本身温度升高，是影响含油煤体基本特性及瓦斯吸附解吸规律的关键，因此，本文首先分析了超声激励前后含油煤体的平均温度、温升速率等热响应特征参数变化规律。利用红外热成像技术对含油煤体表面温度进行监测，发现煤体含油量越高，超声激励相同时间后煤体表面高温区面积越大，最终表面最高温度越高。超声激励60 min后，10%含油量煤体俯视端面最高温度由 16℃增长到41℃，是未激励前煤样的2.5 倍多。

为探究超声激励含油煤体热响应特征对煤体孔隙结构和官能团的影响，开展了核磁共振及傅里叶红外光谱分析，测量超声激励前后含油煤体孔隙度、原油分布规律、红外光谱曲线的演化规律。实验表明，超声激励产生的热量能够促使含油煤体的含氧官能团、羟基、脂肪烃含量降低，与此同时，含油煤体形成热损伤使煤体孔隙连通，总孔隙度提高，总孔隙度提高最大的实验煤样为含油量占比5%的含油煤体，超声激励后总孔隙度由12.83%增加到15.98%，增加了24.53%。煤中可动油/束缚油比值明显的上升。

为探究超声激励对含油煤体瓦斯解吸特性的影响规律及机理，采用高压瓦斯吸附仪和流量计测定超声激励前后含油煤体瓦斯解吸变化规律，结合测定的煤体孔隙结构及官能团演化规律，综合分析了超声激励下含油煤体热响应特征对瓦斯解吸特性的影响规律及其作用机理。研究发现：超声激励前后含油煤体的瓦斯累积解吸量与时间呈幂函数关系，5%含油量煤体超声激励后瓦斯解吸效果相对较好，超声激励相同时间后，其甲烷解吸量高，累积解吸量为20.73 mL·g^-1，较0%含油量煤体增加了58.39%。

本文研究结果表明超声激励含油煤体产生的热响应特征可促使含油煤体孔隙贯通，降低煤体内主要官能团含量，减少瓦斯吸附位点，促进瓦斯气体在含油煤体中的扩散，从而有利于提高瓦斯气体抽采效率，研究结果可为超声技术应用于煤油气共存煤层提高瓦斯安全抽采率提供理论基础。

Coalbed methane pre-pumping is one of the effective methods to prevent and control mine methane disaster and ensure the safe production of coal mines, and the ultrasonic excitation technology has received wide attention due to its advantages of wide application range, low energy consumption and no pollution. The thermal effect of ultrasound will greatly reduce the adsorption binding force of coalbed methane and promote the desorption of gas in the coal body, while the content of crude oil and its distribution pattern in the oil-bearing coal body will affect the temperature rise pattern of the coal body, which in turn affects the desorption characteristics of oil-bearing coal body gas. In order to investigate the thermal response characteristics such as temperature distribution and temperature rise pattern of the oil-bearing coal body under ultrasonic excitation, and to clarify its influence on the desorption characteristics of the oil-bearing coal body and its mechanism, this paper adopts a combination of theoretical analysis and experimental method to analyze the pore structure of the coal body and the evolution law of functional groups under ultrasonic excitation, and to reveal the influence of ultrasonic excitation on the gas desorption characteristics of the oil-bearing coal body and its mechanism.

The thermal effect produced by ultrasound is the key factor affecting the oil-bearing coal body, therefore, this paper firstly analyzes the thermal response characteristics such as average temperature and temperature rise rate of the oil-bearing coal body after ultrasound excitation. Using infrared thermal imaging technology to monitor the surface of the oil-bearing coal body, it was found that the higher the oil content, the larger the area of the high temperature zone on the surface of the coal body after ultrasonic excitation for the same time, and the higher the final temperature. After 60 min of ultrasonic excitation, the maximum temperature of the top surface of 10% oil-containing coal increased from 16℃ to 41℃, which was more than 2.5 times of the original coal sample.

In order to investigate the effects of thermal response characteristics of ultrasonically excited oil-containing coal bodies on their pore structure and functional groups, Fourier infrared spectroscopy was carried out to measure the changes in the infrared spectral curves of oil-containing coal bodies before and after ultrasonic excitation. The experimental results showed that after ultrasonic excitation, the oxygenated functional groups, hydroxyl groups and aliphatic hydrocarbons content of the oil-bearing coals were reduced; the changes in the porosity and crude oil distribution pattern of the oil-bearing coals before and after ultrasonic excitation were obtained from the T₂ relaxation curves. The experimental results show that the thermal damage caused by ultrasonic excitation of the oil-bearing coal body leads to the pore penetration and the total porosity increases, and the total porosity of 5% oil-bearing coal body increases from 12.83% to 15.98%, which is an increase of 24.53% after the ultrasonic excitation. The movable oil/bound oil ratio in the coal increased significantly.

Ultrasonic excitation can increase the temperature of oil-bearing coal body, thus affecting the gas desorption characteristics of oil-bearing gas-bearing coal body. Using high-pressure gas adsorption meter and flowmeter to determine the change of gas desorption law of oil-bearing coal body before and after ultrasonic excitation, combined with the pore structure and functional group evolution law in the early stage, we comprehensively analyze the influence of thermal response characteristics of oil-bearing coal body on the gas desorption characteristics and the mechanism under ultrasonic excitation. It was found that the gas desorption amount of oil-containing coal body before and after ultrasonic excitation showed a power function growth type relationship with time, and the gas desorption effect of 5% oil-containing coal body after ultrasonic excitation was relatively the best, after ultrasonic excitation for the same period of time, its methane desorption was high, and the cumulative desorption amount was 20.73 mL-g^-1, which was an increase of 58.39%.

All of the above show that the thermal response characteristics generated by ultrasonic excitation of oil-bearing coal body, prompting the oil-bearing coal body pore penetration,  and the results of the study can be used for the ultrasonic technology applied to coal-oil-gas symbiotic coal seams, to improve the efficiency of safe gas extraction to provide a theoretical basis.

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